Chapter 7 Pathophysiology

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

Question 2

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

to protect and selectively allow water and other substances into the cell

Question 3

What part of the cell contains the genetic blue print for cellular reproduction?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

What part of the cell plays a key role in synthesizing proteins ?

Answer 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Where is the energy of the cell produced?

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

What does the Mitochondria need in order to produce energy(ATP)

Answer 6

glucose and other nutrients

Question 7

What is ATP?

Answer 7

adenosine triphosphate

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

Question 9

Electrolytes

Answer 9

a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles ( potassium, sodium, and magnesium are important electrolytes in the body)

Question 10

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 10

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose, energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products

Question 11

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 11

the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen, energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products

Question 12

What effect does an acidic state of the body have on the blood?

Answer 12

decreases oxygen carrying ability

Question 13

What is normal air typically made up of?

Answer 13

79% Nitrogen

21% oxygen

Question 14

What is the concentration of air we breath referred to?

Answer 14

FiO2 (fraction of inspired air)

Question 15

What path does air take in the body?

Answer 15

from mouth/nose
pharynx or nasopharynx
hypopharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
brochiole
alveoli

Question 16

patent

Answer 16

free from obstruction, open and clear

Question 17

tidal volume

Answer 17

the air moved in and out in one cycle of breathing

Question 18

minute volume

Answer 18

the amount of air breath in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

Question 19

How much dead air space usually occupies the area between the mouth and aveoli?

Answer 19

150 ml

Question 20

How are the broad categories of respiratory dysfunction?

Answer 20

Disruption of respiratory control
Disruption of pressure
Disruption of lung tissue

Question 21

What is the seat of respiratory control?

Answer 21

medulla oblongata

Question 22

What are some ways the medulla oblongata’s function can be altered?

Answer 22

Stroke, infection, Toxins, trauma/ICP

Question 23

What type of process is inhalation?

Answer 23

active

Question 24

What occurs with the diaphragm and chest muscles when we inhale?

Answer 24

Diaphragm contracts

Chest muscles expand

Question 25

What type of process is exhalation?

Answer 25

passive

Question 26

What occurs with the diaphragm and chest muscles when we exhale?

Answer 26

muscles relax

diaphragm relax

Question 27

What are some ways we an have a disruption of pressure?

Answer 27

if air or blood collect in the plural space

Question 28

What are some ways lung tissue is disrupted?

Answer 28

trauma
CHF
Sepsis

Question 29

What is hypercapina?

Answer 29

increased co2 in body