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EMS > Chapter 7 Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

the study of how disease processes impact the functions of the body

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2
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine triphosphate

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3
Q

metabolism

A

the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

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4
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that when dissolved in water, separates into charges particles

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5
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produces effeciently, with minimal waste products.

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6
Q

anaerobic metabolism

A

the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient way, with many waste products.

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7
Q

FiO2

A

fraction of inspired oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

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8
Q

patent

A

open and clear, free from obstruction

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9
Q

tidal volume

A

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

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10
Q

minute volume

A

the amount of air breathes in during each respiration multiplies by the number of breaths per minute.
(tidal volume x respiration rate)

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11
Q

dead air space

A

the air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

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12
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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13
Q

plasma oncotic pressure

A

the pull exerted by the proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body and into the bloodstream

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14
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

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15
Q

stretch receptors

A

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

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16
Q

Loss of tone

A

blood vessels lose their ability to control their diameter

17
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

18
Q

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

19
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

20
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

21
Q

preload

A

how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction

22
Q

afterload

A

how much pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out into the system

23
Q

contractility

A

the force of contraction, how hard the heart squeezes

24
Q

perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen to and removal of waste out from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

25
Q

hypoperfusion

A

the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

26
Q

What are the 4 types of shock?

A
  1. hypovolemic shock
  2. distributive shock
  3. cardiogenic shock
  4. obstructive shock
27
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

occurs when blood is lost from the cardiovascular system or when the volume portion of the blood is lost

28
Q

distributive shock

A

blood vessel tone is lost, blood vessels lose their ability to maintain a normal diameter

29
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

the heart fails in its ability to pump blood

30
Q

obstructive shock

A

blood is physically prevented from flowing

31
Q

Lou Gehrig’s disease or ALS

A

a disease that attacks the nervous system

32
Q

Meningitis

A

an infection of the protective layer of the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating, condition of cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin

34
Q

dehydration

A

an abnormally low amount of water in the body

35
Q

edema

A

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

36
Q

hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

EMS (14 decks)

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