Chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
the study of body structure
2
Q
physiology
A
the study of body function
3
Q
Thyroid cartilage
A
the wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple
4
Q
Musculoskeletal system
A
the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
5
Q
Skeleton
A
the bones of the body
6
Q
Muscles
A
tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
7
Q
Ligaments
A
tissues that connect bone to bone
8
Q
tendons
A
tissues that connect muscle to bone
9
Q
skull
A
the bony structure of the head
10
Q
cranium
A
the top, back, and sides of the skull
11
Q
Structures of Musculoskeletal
A
bones, joints, muscles
12
Q
Structures of Respiratory
A
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, Bronchial tubes, lungs
13
Q
Structures of cardiovascularlar
A
heart, arteries, veins
14
Q
Structures of Blood
A
plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets
15
Q
Structures of lymphatic
A
tonsils/adenoids, thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
16
Q
Structures of nervous
A
brain, spinal cord, nerves
17
Q
Structures of digestive
A
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
18
Q
Structures of integumentary
A
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
19
Q
Structures of Endocrine
A
the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
20
Q
Structures of Renal/Urinary
A
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
21
Q
Structures of male reproductive
A
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland
22
Q
Structures of female reproductive
A
ovaries, fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts
23
Q
mandible
A
lower jawbone
24
Q
maxillae
A
two fused bones forming the upper jaw
25
nasal bones
the nose bones
26
orbits
bony structures of the eyes
27
zygomatic arches
bones that form the structure of the cheeks
28
vertebrae
the 33 bones of the spinal column
29
What is the number of vertebrae in the cervical?
7
30
What is the number of vertebrae in the thoracic?
12
31
What is the number of vertebrae in the lumbar?
5
32
What is the number of vertebrae in the sacral?
5
33
What is the number of vertebrae in the coccyx
4
34
thorax
the chest
35
sternum
the breastbone
36
manubrium
the superior portion of the sternum
37
xiphoid process
the inferior portion of the sternum
38
pelvis
the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
39
ilium
the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
40
ischium
the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
41
pubis
the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
42
acetabulum
the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
43
femur
the large bone of the thigh
44
patella
the kneecap
45
tibia
the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
46
fibula
the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
47
malleolus
the protrusion on the side of the ankle
48
lateral malleolus
lower end of the fibula, seen on the outer ankle
49
medial malleolus
lower end of the tibia, seen on the inner ankle
50
tarsals
the ankle bones
51
metatarsals
the foot bones
52
calcaneus
the heel bone
53
phalanges
the toes and finger bones
54
clavicle
the collarbone
55
scapula
the shoulder blade
56
acromion process
the highest portion of the shoulder
57
acromioclavicular
the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
58
humerus
the bone of the upper arm
59
radius
the lateral bone of the forearm
60
ulna
the medial bone of the forearm
61
carpals
the wrist bones
62
metacarpals
the hand bones
63
joint
the point where two bones meet
64
voluntary muscles
muscles that can be consciously controlled
65
involuntary muscles
muscles that respond automatically to brain signals but cannot be be consciously
66
cardiac muscle
specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
67
automaticity
the ability of the heat to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
68
respiratory system
the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs ans muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system
69
oropharynx
the area directly posterior to the mouth
70
nasopharynx
the area directly posterior to the nose
71
pharynx
the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. it is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.
72
epiglottis
a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.
73
larynx
the voice box, structure between the pharynx and trachea
74
cricoid
the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
75
trachea
the "windpipe" is the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
76
lungs
the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place
77
bronchi
the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.
78
Alveoli
the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
79
diaphragm
the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, a major muscle of respiration
80
inhalation
an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
81
exhalation
a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs
82
ventilation
the process of moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of the blood
83
Respiration
the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells
84
Buffer system
a system that helps manage the body's pH level
85
cardiovascular
the system that is made up of the heart and the blood vessels; the circulatory system
86
atria
the two upper chambers of the heart
87
ventricles
the two lower chambers of the heart
88
venae cavae
Inferior and superior; two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium
89
Steps of blood flow
1. venae cavae 10. Bicuspid/mitral valve
2. Right atrium 11. left ventricle
3. Tricuspid valve 12. aortic valve
4. Right ventricle 13. aorta
5. pulmonary valve 14. arteries
6. Pulmonary artery 15. arterioles
7. alveoli/capillary 16. capillaries
8. pulmonary vein 17. venules
9. left atrium 18. veins
19. venae cavae
90
valve
a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
91
cardiac conduction system
a systm of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
92
artery
any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
93
coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
94
aorta
the largest artery in the body, transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
95
pulmonary artery
the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the head
96
carotid
the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head
97
femoral artery
the major artery supplying the leg
98
brachial artery
artery of the upper arm, the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR
99
radial artery
artery of the lower arm, the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist
100
posterior tibial artery
the artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
101
dorsalis pedis
the artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
102
arteriole
the smallest kind of artery
103
capillaries
thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the carbon dioxide/oxygen and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells take place
104
venule
the smallest kind of vein
105
vein
any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
106
pulmonary vein
the vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart
107
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood
108
red blood cells
components of the blood, they carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells.
109
white blood cells
components of the blood, they produce substances that help the body fight infection.
110
platelets
components of the blood, membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells, blood clotting
111
pulse
the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
112
peripheral pulses
the radial, brachial, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial pulses
113
central pulses
the carotid and femoral pulses
114
blood pressure
the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels
115
systolic blood pressure
the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into the circulation.
116
diastolic blood pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the let ventricle is refilling
117
blood pressure ratio
systolic/diastolic
118
perfusion
the supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
119
hypoperfusion
the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients, a life-threatening condition
120
lymphatic system
the system is composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body's immune system
121
nervous system
the system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought
122
central nervous system
the brain and the spinal cord
123
digestive system
system by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
124
stomach
muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins
125
small intestine
the muscular tube between the stomach and large intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion, nutrients are absorbed through its walls
126
What are the three parts of the small intestine ?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
127
large intestine
the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body
128
liver
the largest organ in the body, which produces bile to assist in the breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
129
gallbladder
a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produces by the liver
130
pancreas
a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.
131
spleen
an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood.
132
appendix
a small tube located near the junctions of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function is not well understood
133
skin
the layer of tissue between the body and the external environment
134
epidermis
the outer layer of skin
135
dermis
the inner and second layr of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves
136
subcutaneous layer
the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
137
endocrine system
system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate body activities and functions
138
insulin
hormone produces by the pancreas
139
epinephrine
a hormone produced by the adrenal glands
140
renal system
the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood
141
kidneys
organs of the renal system used to filter the blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
142
bladder
the round, saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine
143
ureters
tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
144
urethra
the tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine
145
reproductive system
the body system that is responsible for human reproduction
146
testes
the male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm and hormones
147
penis
the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm
148
ovaries
eggs and hormones-producing organs within the female reproduction system
149
uterus
the female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
150
vagina
the female organ of reproduction used both for sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus
151
How many vertebrae are in the cervical?
7
152
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?
12
153
How many vertebrae are in the sacral?
5
154
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?
5
155
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?
4
