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Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of body structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of body function

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3
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

the wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple

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4
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

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5
Q

Skeleton

A

the bones of the body

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6
Q

Muscles

A

tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part

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7
Q

Ligaments

A

tissues that connect bone to bone

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8
Q

tendons

A

tissues that connect muscle to bone

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9
Q

skull

A

the bony structure of the head

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10
Q

cranium

A

the top, back, and sides of the skull

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11
Q

Structures of Musculoskeletal

A

bones, joints, muscles

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12
Q

Structures of Respiratory

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, Bronchial tubes, lungs

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13
Q

Structures of cardiovascularlar

A

heart, arteries, veins

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14
Q

Structures of Blood

A

plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets

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15
Q

Structures of lymphatic

A

tonsils/adenoids, thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

Structures of nervous

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

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17
Q

Structures of digestive

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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18
Q

Structures of integumentary

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands

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19
Q

Structures of Endocrine

A

the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

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20
Q

Structures of Renal/Urinary

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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21
Q

Structures of male reproductive

A

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland

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22
Q

Structures of female reproductive

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts

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23
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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24
Q

maxillae

A

two fused bones forming the upper jaw

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25
Q

nasal bones

A

the nose bones

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26
Q

orbits

A

bony structures of the eyes

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27
Q

zygomatic arches

A

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

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28
Q

vertebrae

A

the 33 bones of the spinal column

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29
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the cervical?

A

7

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30
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the thoracic?

A

12

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31
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the lumbar?

A

5

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32
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the sacral?

A

5

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33
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the coccyx

A

4

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34
Q

thorax

A

the chest

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35
Q

sternum

A

the breastbone

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36
Q

manubrium

A

the superior portion of the sternum

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37
Q

xiphoid process

A

the inferior portion of the sternum

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38
Q

pelvis

A

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

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39
Q

ilium

A

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

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40
Q

ischium

A

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

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41
Q

pubis

A

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

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42
Q

acetabulum

A

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

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43
Q

femur

A

the large bone of the thigh

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44
Q

patella

A

the kneecap

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45
Q

tibia

A

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

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46
Q

fibula

A

the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

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47
Q

malleolus

A

the protrusion on the side of the ankle

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48
Q

lateral malleolus

A

lower end of the fibula, seen on the outer ankle

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49
Q

medial malleolus

A

lower end of the tibia, seen on the inner ankle

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50
Q

tarsals

A

the ankle bones

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51
Q

metatarsals

A

the foot bones

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52
Q

calcaneus

A

the heel bone

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53
Q

phalanges

A

the toes and finger bones

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54
Q

clavicle

A

the collarbone

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55
Q

scapula

A

the shoulder blade

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56
Q

acromion process

A

the highest portion of the shoulder

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57
Q

acromioclavicular

A

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

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58
Q

humerus

A

the bone of the upper arm

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59
Q

radius

A

the lateral bone of the forearm

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60
Q

ulna

A

the medial bone of the forearm

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61
Q

carpals

A

the wrist bones

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62
Q

metacarpals

A

the hand bones

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63
Q

joint

A

the point where two bones meet

64
Q

voluntary muscles

A

muscles that can be consciously controlled

65
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles that respond automatically to brain signals but cannot be be consciously

66
Q

cardiac muscle

A

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

67
Q

automaticity

A

the ability of the heat to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

68
Q

respiratory system

A

the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs ans muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system

69
Q

oropharynx

A

the area directly posterior to the mouth

70
Q

nasopharynx

A

the area directly posterior to the nose

71
Q

pharynx

A

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. it is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.

72
Q

epiglottis

A

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.

73
Q

larynx

A

the voice box, structure between the pharynx and trachea

74
Q

cricoid

A

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

75
Q

trachea

A

the “windpipe” is the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

76
Q

lungs

A

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place

77
Q

bronchi

A

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.

78
Q

Alveoli

A

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

79
Q

diaphragm

A

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, a major muscle of respiration

80
Q

inhalation

A

an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

81
Q

exhalation

A

a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

82
Q

ventilation

A

the process of moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of the blood

83
Q

Respiration

A

the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

84
Q

Buffer system

A

a system that helps manage the body’s pH level

85
Q

cardiovascular

A

the system that is made up of the heart and the blood vessels; the circulatory system

86
Q

atria

A

the two upper chambers of the heart

87
Q

ventricles

A

the two lower chambers of the heart

88
Q

venae cavae

A

Inferior and superior; two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium

89
Q

Steps of blood flow

A
  1. venae cavae 10. Bicuspid/mitral valve
  2. Right atrium 11. left ventricle
  3. Tricuspid valve 12. aortic valve
  4. Right ventricle 13. aorta
  5. pulmonary valve 14. arteries
  6. Pulmonary artery 15. arterioles
  7. alveoli/capillary 16. capillaries
  8. pulmonary vein 17. venules
  9. left atrium 18. veins
    19. venae cavae
90
Q

valve

A

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

91
Q

cardiac conduction system

A

a systm of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

92
Q

artery

A

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

93
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

94
Q

aorta

A

the largest artery in the body, transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

95
Q

pulmonary artery

A

the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the head

96
Q

carotid

A

the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head

97
Q

femoral artery

A

the major artery supplying the leg

98
Q

brachial artery

A

artery of the upper arm, the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

99
Q

radial artery

A

artery of the lower arm, the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist

100
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

the artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

101
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

the artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

102
Q

arteriole

A

the smallest kind of artery

103
Q

capillaries

A

thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the carbon dioxide/oxygen and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells take place

104
Q

venule

A

the smallest kind of vein

105
Q

vein

A

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

106
Q

pulmonary vein

A

the vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

107
Q

plasma

A

the fluid portion of the blood

108
Q

red blood cells

A

components of the blood, they carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

109
Q

white blood cells

A

components of the blood, they produce substances that help the body fight infection.

110
Q

platelets

A

components of the blood, membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells, blood clotting

111
Q

pulse

A

the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

112
Q

peripheral pulses

A

the radial, brachial, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial pulses

113
Q

central pulses

A

the carotid and femoral pulses

114
Q

blood pressure

A

the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

115
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into the circulation.

116
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries when the let ventricle is refilling

117
Q

blood pressure ratio

A

systolic/diastolic

118
Q

perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

119
Q

hypoperfusion

A

the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients, a life-threatening condition

120
Q

lymphatic system

A

the system is composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system

121
Q

nervous system

A

the system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

122
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and the spinal cord

123
Q

digestive system

A

system by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms

124
Q

stomach

A

muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

125
Q

small intestine

A

the muscular tube between the stomach and large intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion, nutrients are absorbed through its walls

126
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine ?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

127
Q

large intestine

A

the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

128
Q

liver

A

the largest organ in the body, which produces bile to assist in the breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

129
Q

gallbladder

A

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produces by the liver

130
Q

pancreas

A

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.

131
Q

spleen

A

an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood.

132
Q

appendix

A

a small tube located near the junctions of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function is not well understood

133
Q

skin

A

the layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

134
Q

epidermis

A

the outer layer of skin

135
Q

dermis

A

the inner and second layr of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves

136
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

137
Q

endocrine system

A

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate body activities and functions

138
Q

insulin

A

hormone produces by the pancreas

139
Q

epinephrine

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands

140
Q

renal system

A

the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood

141
Q

kidneys

A

organs of the renal system used to filter the blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

142
Q

bladder

A

the round, saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

143
Q

ureters

A

tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

144
Q

urethra

A

the tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

145
Q

reproductive system

A

the body system that is responsible for human reproduction

146
Q

testes

A

the male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm and hormones

147
Q

penis

A

the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

148
Q

ovaries

A

eggs and hormones-producing organs within the female reproduction system

149
Q

uterus

A

the female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

150
Q

vagina

A

the female organ of reproduction used both for sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus

151
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical?

152
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?

153
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacral?

154
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?

155
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

EMS (14 decks)

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