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Pathology Exam 3 > Chapter 7 - part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia

A

New growth

Cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation

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2
Q

Neoplasm

A

A new growth of tissue in which growth is uncontrolled and progressive

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3
Q

Tumor

A

Means swelling, but is often used as a synonym for neoplasm

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4
Q

Agents that have been shown to cause neoplastic transformation of cells

A

Chemicals: Hundreds of different ones
Viruses: Oncogenic viruses
Radiation: sunlight, x-rays, nuclear fission

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5
Q

Benign tumor or neoplasia

A

Remains localized
May be encapsulated with fibrous connective tissue
It can invade adjacent tissues, but does not have the ability to spread to distant sites

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6
Q

Malignant tumor (cancer)

A

Invades and destroys surrounding tissue

Has the ability to spread throughout the body

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7
Q

Benign tumors almost always resemble

A

normal tissue

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8
Q

Pleomorphic

A

The cells of malignant tumors often vary in size

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9
Q

Hyperchromatic

A

The nuclei of these cells are darker than those of normal cells and exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

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10
Q

This suffix is used to indicate a tumor

A

oma

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11
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign tumor of fat

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12
Q

Osteoma

A

benign tumor of bone

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13
Q

4 types of tissue in the human body

A

Epithelium/epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue

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14
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of epithelium/epithelial tissue

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15
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of connective or non-epithelial tissue

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16
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone

17
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

18
Q

Treatment of benign tumors

A

Treated by surgical excision, eithet wide local excision or enucleation

19
Q

Treatment of malignant tumors

A

Treated by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, often a combination

20
Q

Three different types of epithelial tumors found in the oral cavity

A

From squamous epithelium
From salivary gland epithelium
From odontogenic epithelium

21
Q

Tumors of squamous epithelium

A 
papilloma
premalignant lesions
squamous cell carcinoma
vemucous carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma - very common
22
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign tumor of squamous epithelium
A small exophytic pedunculate or sessile growth
May be white or the color of normal mucosa
Most often on the soft palate or tongue

23
Q

Premalignant lesions

A

Leukoplakia
Erythoplakia
Epithelial dysplasia

24
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White plaque

Biopsy is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis

25
Q

Erythoplakia

A

Oral mucosal lesion appearing as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch
Located on floor of the mouth, tongue, and soft palate
Less common

26
Q

Speckled leukoplakia

A

A lesion that shows a mix of red and white areas

27
Q

Oral submucous fibrosis

A

Chronic oral mucosal disease that is associated with betel-quid chewing
Increased deposition of collagen in the oral mucosa results in severe restriction of movement of the oral mucosa tissue

28
Q

Epithelial dysplasia

A

Histologic diagnosis of a premalignant condition

Precede squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

What does epithelial dysplasia look like and location

A

Erythematous lesion, a white lesion, or a mixed (red and white) lesion
Often on the floor of the mouth or tongue

30
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

A malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

Usually metastasizes to lymph nodes in the neck and then to distant sites such as the lungs and liver

31
Q

The most common malignancy of the oral cavity

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur

A

Most often on the floor of the mouth, ventolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas
May occur on the vermillion border of the lips and skin of the face

33
Q

Solar chelitis

A

A condition in which mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs
Avoid sun exposure
Use sun blocking agent

34
Q

Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

A

Tobacco
Alcohol consumption
Damage from UV rays
HPV

35
Q

Radiation and chemotherapy patients may have what

A

xerostomia

36
Q

Tnm staging

A

may be used to determine the prognosis

The higher the stage, the worse the prognosis

37
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

A malignant skin tumor associated with excessive sun exposure
Nonhealing ulcer with characteristic rolled borders
Frequently arises on the skin of the face

38
Q

Treatment of basal cell carcinoma

A

Surgical excision
Radiation therapy may be used to treat large lesions
Rarely mestasizes

Pathology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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