Chapter 7 - Other Sensory Systems

Question 1

amplitude is related to what?

Answer 1

the intensity of a sound

Question 2

frequency is related to what?

Answer 2

pitch; higher frequency = higher pitch

Question 3

pinna

Answer 3

the outer ear

Question 4

tympanic membrane

Answer 4

eardrum; vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves that strike it

Question 5

place theory

Answer 5

idea that pitch perception depends on which part of the inner ear has cells with the greatest activity level

Question 6

frequency theory

Answer 6

idea that the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency

Question 7

area A1

Answer 7

the primary auditory cortex located in the superior temporal cortex

Question 8

conductive deafness (middle ear deafness)

Answer 8

deafness caused by disease, infection, or tumors that prevent the middle ear from transmitting sound wves properly to the cochlea

Question 9

nerve deafness (inner ear deafness)

Answer 9

deafness resulting from damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve

Question 10

tinnitus

Answer 10

frequent or constant ringing in the ears

Question 11

vestibular organ

Answer 11

detects and compensates for movement in the head

Question 12

somatosensory system

Answer 12

the sensation of the body and its movements

Question 13

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 13

detects high frequency vibrations on the skin

Question 14

merkel disks

Answer 14

respond to light touch (such as if someone gently strokes your skin)

Question 15

capsaicin

Answer 15

chemical that makes peppers hot. it also activates painful heat receptors

Question 16

how many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 16

31 including
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 17

dermatome

Answer 17

area of the body that is innervated by a spinal nerve

Question 18

what neurotransmitters do pain axons release?

Answer 18

glutamate (mild pain)

substance P and glutamate (stronger pain)

Question 19

what happens if the cingulate gyrus is damaged?

Answer 19

people can still feel pain, but it no longer distresses them

Question 20

how do opiates block pain?

Answer 20

they block the release of substance P

Question 21

what is the best way to prevent chronic pain from a surgery?

Answer 21

take pain med before the surgery starts. This will decrease your body’s ability to learn pain

Question 22

describe the relationship between pain and itch

Answer 22

pain inhibits itch and vice versa

Question 23

itch axons are responsible for the production of what?

Answer 23

gastrin-releasing peptide

Question 24

labled line principle

Answer 24

each receptor responds to a limited range of stimulia nd meaning depends on which neurons are active

Question 25

across-fiber pattern principle

Answer 25

each receptor responds to a wider range of stimuli, and a given response by a particular axon means little except in context of what other axons are doing

Question 26

vomeronasal organ (VNO)

Answer 26

responds to pheramones

Question 27

synesthesia

Answer 27

stimulation of one sense evoking a perception of that sense in addition to another sense