Chapter 6 - Vision Flashcards
law of specific nerve energies
Muller’s idea that nerves specialized in one kind of energy (such as vision, audition, etc)
light from the left side of the world strikes which half of the retina?
the right (and vice versa)
what is the optic nerve made of?
ganglion cell axons
what causes the blind spot?
the point where the optic nerve leaves the eye has no visual receptors
what is the fovea specialized for?
acute, detailed vision
why is the fovea so good at detail?
each receptor cell connects to only one bipolar cell, which connects to only one ganglion cell, which has direct contact to the brain
Midget ganglion cells
the ganglion cells in the fovea. They are small and each responds to a single cone
rods
abundant in the periphery, respond to faint light
cones
abundant in and near the fovea, useful in bright light, essential for color vision
trichromatic theory
theory that color is perceived through the relative rates of response by three kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to a different set of wavelengths
which cones are more abundant?
long and medium wavelength cones are far more abundant than short wavelength cones. this is why it’s harder to see blue
opponent process theory
the idea that we perceive color in terms of opposites. (a continuum from red to green, blue to yellow, and white to black)
color constancy
ability to recognize colors despite changes in lighting
retinex theory
the cortex compares information from various parts of the retina to determine the brightness and color for each area that we see
receptive field
area in visual space that excites or inhibits a cell in the visual system
three kinds of primate ganglion cells
parvocellular
magnocellular
koniocellular
parvocellular neurons
ganglion cells with small somas and small receptive fields, that are mostly in or around the fovea