Chapter 5 - Development and Plasticity of the Brain Flashcards
What are the 5 processes in the development of neurons?
proliferation migration differentiation myelination synaptogenesis
proliferation
the production of new cells
what guides the migration of neurons?
chemicals known as immunoglobins and chemokines
when a neuron differentiates, which forms first; the axon or dendrites?
The axon forms first. the dendrites do not form until the neuron has reached its final destination
In which brain areas do new neurons form in adults?
Olfactory receptors and the hippocampus
neural darwinism
the concept of starting with more synapses and neurons than we need and only the successful ones survive
what does nerve growth factor (NGF) do?
promotes survival and growth of the axon. without NGF, the neuron undergoes apoptosis
neurotrophin
a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons
antisaccade task
looking away from a powerful attention getter, such as movement in peripheral vision
at what age do children improve at the antisaccade task?
sharp improvement between ages 7-11 and gradual improvement in teenage years
when are adolescents most likely to make an impulsive decisions?
when they must decide quickly and are in the presence of peer pressure
which brain area is responsible for inhibition?
the prefrontal cortex
ischemia
stroke resulting from a blood clot or other arterial obstruction
hemorrhage
stroke resulting from a ruptured artery
edema
accumulation of fluid in the brain
