Chapter 7: Occupational Health and Safety

Question 1

What is a TLV?

Answer 1

Threshold limit value: an estimate of the reasonable level of a chemical substance to which a worker can be exposed without adverse effects.

Question 2

Who issues TLVs?

Answer 2

the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

Question 3

Examples of potentially hazardous chemicals that can be encountered in a researcher facility

Answer 3

Detergents, descalers, disinfectants, chemical preservatives, anesthetic gases, and pesticides

Question 4

What kind of gases are routinely monitored in the research facility?

Answer 4

Inhalant anesthetics

Question 5

Name 2 types of monitoring system for inhalant anesthetic.

Answer 5

Portable Analyzer

Badge monitor

Question 6

What does GHS stand for?

Answer 6

the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals

Question 7

Radioisotopes

Answer 7

also called radionuclides, are administered to research animals, for example in some metabolism studies and for diagnostic imaging.

Question 8

Radioactivity

Answer 8

the release of ionizing radiation by radioisotopes that are unstable and undergo an atomic decay.

Question 9

Disintegration

Answer 9

In order for unstable atoms to reach stability, they undergo decay (also called disintegration) and emit mass, energy, or both.

Question 10

There are three kinds of ionizing radiation:

Answer 10

alpha particles,
beta particles, and
gamma radiation and x-rays.

Question 11

Beta (β) particles are

Answer 11

subatomic particles that are either an electron, which is negatively charged, or a positron, which is positively charged. Beta particles are thousands of times smaller than alpha particles. They move at high speed and have a higher energy than alpha particles

Question 12

What is bremsstrahlung?

Answer 12

“Braking Radiation”: a type of x-ray produced when the beta particles are decelerated as they pass through matter.

Question 13

Gamma radiation

Answer 13

generated from radioactive decay. X-rays are generated nonradioactively. Gamma rays are often produced during the emission of alpha and beta particles.

Question 14

The variables important for protecting the body from radiation are:

Answer 14

time,
distance, and
shielding.

Question 15

What does ALARA mean?

Answer 15

As Low as Reasonably Achievable

Question 16

Disease risks for working with NHP

Answer 16

B virus infection, tuberculosis, shigellosis and other diseases

Question 17

The most common immunizations recommended for laboratory animal users:

Answer 17

Tetanus, Rabies, Hepatitis B.

Question 18

Recombinant DNA

Answer 18

DNA that has been “created” in the laboratory

Question 19

The two most important factors for determining the postential for disease by an infectious agent are:

Answer 19

The characteristics of the agent

the consequences of the infection

Question 20

Important infectious agent characteristics include:

Answer 20

Pathogenicity, virulence, communicability, mode of transmission

Question 21

Pathogenicity

Answer 21

The ability of the agent to cause disease

Question 22

Virulence

Answer 22

The degree of damage caused by the microbe to the host- the ability of the agent to cause disease. A pathogen that is highly virulent causes a more serious than one that is less virulent

Question 23

Communicability

Answer 23

means being capable of spreading among susceptible individuals

Question 24

Mode of tranmission

Answer 24

How the infectious agent is spread.

Question 25

BMBL stands for:

Answer 25

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboraties

Question 26

ABSL-1(Animal Biosafety Level 1)

Answer 26

Work is done with defined and characterized strains of viable microorganims not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans.

Question 27

ABSL-2(Animal Biosafety Level 2)

Answer 27

Moderate risk agents, agents that lab personnel may be exposed to in the community and are associated with human diseases of varying severity. I.e. Salmonella spp, Toxoplasma spp, measles, HIV, rabies and hepatitis B.

Question 28

ABSL-3(Animal Biosafety Level 3)

Answer 28

Severe or potentially lethal disease when inhaled. I.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, and West Nile virus

Question 29

ABSL-4(Animal Biosafecty Level 4)

Answer 29

High risk of life-threatening disease or aerosol transmission, or have an unknown risk of transmission. I.e. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Central European encephalitis virus, smallpox, Marburg hemorrhagic fever and Lassa fever.

Question 30

BSL-3-Agriculture(BSL 3-Ag)

Answer 30

Addresses activities with large or loose-housed animals or studies on agents designated as High Consequence Pathogens by USDA(formerly known Restricted Animal Pathogens) I.e. Foot and Mouth Disease virus(FMDV) and Swine Vesicular Disease(SVDV)

Question 31

List the 4 types of Class II Biological safety cabinets

Answer 31

A1, A2, B1 and B2

Question 32

The four types of Class II cabinets differ chiefly in the amount of air recirculated through a HEPA filter in the cabinet interior, list the differences

Answer 32

Types A1 and A2 recirculate 70% of air
Type B1 recirculates 30%
Type B2 does not recirculate cabinet air at all.

Question 33

What BSL levels can you use Class I and Class II cabinets?

Answer 33

BSL-1, BSL-2, and BSL-3 Microorganism, Can use a class II cabinet for containment of BSL-4 microorganism if the user is wearing a positive-pressure protective suit.

Question 34

What are the two general categories of waste in the laboratory animal facility?

Answer 34

General waste and Hazardous waste

Question 35

What is the color coding for first aid kits?

Answer 35

Blue- Antiseptics
Red- Burn medications
Yellow- Dressings and bandages
Green- Special items such as eye irrigating solution or ammonia inhalants