Chapter 7: Occupational Health and Safety Flashcards
What is a TLV?
Threshold limit value: an estimate of the reasonable level of a chemical substance to which a worker can be exposed without adverse effects.
Who issues TLVs?
the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Examples of potentially hazardous chemicals that can be encountered in a researcher facility
Detergents, descalers, disinfectants, chemical preservatives, anesthetic gases, and pesticides
What kind of gases are routinely monitored in the research facility?
Inhalant anesthetics
Name 2 types of monitoring system for inhalant anesthetic.
Portable Analyzer
Badge monitor
What does GHS stand for?
the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
Radioisotopes
also called radionuclides, are administered to research animals, for example in some metabolism studies and for diagnostic imaging.
Radioactivity
the release of ionizing radiation by radioisotopes that are unstable and undergo an atomic decay.
Disintegration
In order for unstable atoms to reach stability, they undergo decay (also called disintegration) and emit mass, energy, or both.
There are three kinds of ionizing radiation:
alpha particles,
beta particles, and
gamma radiation and x-rays.
Beta (β) particles are
subatomic particles that are either an electron, which is negatively charged, or a positron, which is positively charged. Beta particles are thousands of times smaller than alpha particles. They move at high speed and have a higher energy than alpha particles
What is bremsstrahlung?
“Braking Radiation”: a type of x-ray produced when the beta particles are decelerated as they pass through matter.
Gamma radiation
generated from radioactive decay. X-rays are generated nonradioactively. Gamma rays are often produced during the emission of alpha and beta particles.
The variables important for protecting the body from radiation are:
time,
distance, and
shielding.
What does ALARA mean?
As Low as Reasonably Achievable
Disease risks for working with NHP
B virus infection, tuberculosis, shigellosis and other diseases
The most common immunizations recommended for laboratory animal users:
Tetanus, Rabies, Hepatitis B.
Recombinant DNA
DNA that has been “created” in the laboratory
The two most important factors for determining the postential for disease by an infectious agent are:
The characteristics of the agent
the consequences of the infection
Important infectious agent characteristics include:
Pathogenicity, virulence, communicability, mode of transmission
Pathogenicity
The ability of the agent to cause disease
Virulence
The degree of damage caused by the microbe to the host- the ability of the agent to cause disease. A pathogen that is highly virulent causes a more serious than one that is less virulent
Communicability
means being capable of spreading among susceptible individuals
Mode of tranmission
How the infectious agent is spread.
BMBL stands for:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboraties
ABSL-1(Animal Biosafety Level 1)
Work is done with defined and characterized strains of viable microorganims not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans.
ABSL-2(Animal Biosafety Level 2)
Moderate risk agents, agents that lab personnel may be exposed to in the community and are associated with human diseases of varying severity. I.e. Salmonella spp, Toxoplasma spp, measles, HIV, rabies and hepatitis B.
ABSL-3(Animal Biosafety Level 3)
Severe or potentially lethal disease when inhaled. I.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, and West Nile virus
ABSL-4(Animal Biosafecty Level 4)
High risk of life-threatening disease or aerosol transmission, or have an unknown risk of transmission. I.e. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Central European encephalitis virus, smallpox, Marburg hemorrhagic fever and Lassa fever.
BSL-3-Agriculture(BSL 3-Ag)
Addresses activities with large or loose-housed animals or studies on agents designated as High Consequence Pathogens by USDA(formerly known Restricted Animal Pathogens) I.e. Foot and Mouth Disease virus(FMDV) and Swine Vesicular Disease(SVDV)
List the 4 types of Class II Biological safety cabinets
A1, A2, B1 and B2
The four types of Class II cabinets differ chiefly in the amount of air recirculated through a HEPA filter in the cabinet interior, list the differences
Types A1 and A2 recirculate 70% of air
Type B1 recirculates 30%
Type B2 does not recirculate cabinet air at all.
What BSL levels can you use Class I and Class II cabinets?
BSL-1, BSL-2, and BSL-3 Microorganism, Can use a class II cabinet for containment of BSL-4 microorganism if the user is wearing a positive-pressure protective suit.
What are the two general categories of waste in the laboratory animal facility?
General waste and Hazardous waste
What is the color coding for first aid kits?
Blue- Antiseptics
Red- Burn medications
Yellow- Dressings and bandages
Green- Special items such as eye irrigating solution or ammonia inhalants
