Chapter 7- Nutrition Across the Lifespan Flashcards
Nutrition during pregnancy/lactation
2nd trimester
additional 340 calories per day
how many additional calories during 3rd trimester:
additional 450 calories per day
How many calories to intake during lactation?
additional 330 calories first 6 months (400 after that)
Weight gain expected each trimester
1st trimester
First trimester 1-4 lbs TOTAL
weight gain expeced (Second and 3rd trimester)
2-4 lbs per month
Total expected weight gain during pregnancy
normal
25-35 lbs
Total expected weight gain during pregnancy
underweight
28-40 lbs
Total expected weight gain during pregnancy
overweight
15-25 lbs
How much fluids should pregnant people intake?
- 2-3 L of fluids a day
- limit caffeine 300mg/day or less
folic acid amount during pregnancy
600 mcg to prevent neural tube defects
iron rich foods
beans,fish,dairy products, lean red meats,apples
foods to avoid during pregancy
avoid fish and shellfish due to mercury level
patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- N/V
eat dry crackers or toast (low-fat carbs). avoid drinking water with meals. Avoid caffeine, fatty food, and spicy food. serve food at room temp or chilled. maintain good oral hygiene
patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- constipation
increase fiber (including cellulose) fluid intake. engage in physical activity
patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- PKU
avoid high protein foods ( meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts, dairy products). Monitor phenylketonuria levels during pregnancy
what happens to the birth weight?
birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1 year of age
when to use breast milk formula?
breast milk (or formula) ONLY for first 4-6 months
When should you introduce solid foods to baby?
when baby can sit up and has head control ( iron fortified cereal should be the first solid food introduced)
When to introduce new foods to baby?
new foods introduced one at a time over 5-7 days to assess for allergies or intolerance
when do you give cow milk?
cow’s milk should only be given after 1 year of age
breastmilk
- discard unused breast milk after feeding
- do NOT microwave
How long can you store breastmilk?
- store in refrigerator for 5-8 days
- can be frozen for up to 6 months (or 12 months in deep freezer)
- use thawed milk within 24 hours. Do not refreeze thawed milk
colic
characterized by persistent crying lasting 3+ hours per day
-resolved by 3 months of age
when does colic occur?
- occurs in late afternoon, more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks
- crying accompanied by tense abdomen and legs drawn up to belly
what do you eliminate during breastfeeding?
cruciferous vegetables, cow’s milk, onion, chocolate
lactose intolerant symptoms
symptoms include gas (flatus), abdominal distention, and diarrhea.
alternate for lactose baby
soy-based or casein hydrolysate formulas
diarrhea caused by what?
rotavirus
treatment for diarrhea
Use oral rehydration solutions.
-sport drinks are contradicted
dehydration signs
lethargy, sunken eyes, sunken fontanels, decreased tears, decreased urine output, dry mucous membranes
choking hazard for kids
popcorn, raisins, peanuts, GRAPES, RAW CARROTS, HOT DOGS, CELERY, PEANUT BUTTER, candy, tough meat.
how much juice should you limit for kids?
4-6 oz/day
how much milk should you limit for kids?
24 oz
- it has poor source of iron and can displace the intake of iron-rich foods
- vitamin C increases iron absorption
eating disorders for adolescenes
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder usually begin at this age
older adults should…
reduce total caloric intake.
-due to decrease in basal metabolic rate that occurs from decrease in lean body mass that develops with aging
what is common in older adult?
dehydration
-due to decreased thirst, medication side effects
balance diet for adult
- carbs: 45-65%
- fats: 20-35%
older adult have decreased in what?
- absorption of B12
- folic acid
- calcium
osteoporosis
- decrease in total bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
- begins at 35
treatment for osteoporosis
- Increase intake of calcium and vitamin D
- Engage in weight bearing exercise (swimming is NON-weight bearing)
- Limit alcohol consumption
osteoarthritis
causes significant disability and pain in older adult clients
-limit mobility and present difficulty in obtaining and preparing proper foods
what can hypertension meds do?
loss in sodium and potassium
range for BMI
18.5-24.9
