Chapter 7 Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Health:

A

health is the state of physical and mental well-being

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2
Q

Non-communicable disease (NCD):

A

a disease which cannot be spread between individuals

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3
Q

Communicable disease (CD):

A

a disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly

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4
Q

What is good health?

A

complete physical and mental well-being - it is about feeling good and having a good state of mind

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5
Q

What are diseases?

A
  • diseases are disorders that affect part of or all of an organism
  • diseases caused by infections are communicable diseases e.g. measles, salmonella
  • diseases not caused by infections are non-communicable diseases e.g. cancer, diabetes
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6
Q

Examples of diseases interacting through one causing or worsening another:

A
  • if the immune system of an individual is poor, then they are more likely to become infected with a communicable disease as the body is less able to fight off any pathogens
  • infections by viruses in certain parts of the body can trigger the growth of cancers e.g. liver cancer can result directly from infection by hepatitis virus
  • the reduction in physical health preventing an individual from carrying out many tasks and/or reducing their life expectancy can lead to mental illness, such as depression
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7
Q

How does diet (lifestyle factor) affect health?

A
  • eating too little or too much food, not enough nutrients or the wrong type of food prevents you from having a good, balanced diet
  • this can have a big effect on mental and physical health causing issues such as type 2 diabetes or obesity
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8
Q

How does stress (lifestyle factor) affect health?

A
  • physical and mental stress place strain on our bodies
  • can lead to high levels of cholesterol leading to problems such as CVD, cancers and mental illnesses
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9
Q

How do life situations (lifestyle factor) affect health?

A

where you live, your financial status, your ethnic group, your access to medical care and the levels of hygiene in your area are some examples of factors which may affect your physical and mental health - can lead to communicable diseases such as diarrhoea and malaria, or non-communicable diseases like heart disease

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10
Q

How is disease incidence information often displayed?

A

often displayed on frequency tables and diagrams, bar charts, histograms and scatter diagrams

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11
Q

What is a condition that a poor diet could induce or worsen?

A

diabetes may be induced due to a higher levels of glucose in the blood caused by a poor diet

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12
Q

What is a condition that high levels of stress could induce or worsen?

A
  • cardiovascular disease (high BP)
  • type 2 diabetes
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13
Q

What is a condition that life situations (e.g. poverty or recent bereavement) could induce or worsen?

A
  • poor sanitation could cause cholera
  • tuberculosis from poor ventilation
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14
Q

Explain why being overweight may increase the risk of stroke:

A

being overweight leads to higher levels of cholesterol which leads to the narrowing of the arteries which may cause a clot/blockage in the brain leading to a stroke

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15
Q

What is the link between infection by a pathogen and asthma?

A

virus/bacterial infection —> causes cold/bronchitis —> more mucus —> can induce an asthma attack

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16
Q

What is the link between cancer and mental health problems?

A

cancer —> increases stress —> depression and other mental health problems

17
Q

What may mean that a person is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases?

A

defects in the immune system may mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

18
Q

What can severe physical ill health lead to?

A

depression and other mental illness

19
Q

What are diseases a major cause of?

A

diseases communicable and non-communicable are major causes of ill-health

20
Q

Factors that may affect health:

A
  • defects in the immune system that mean an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases
  • viruses living in cells can be the trigger for cancers
  • immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma
  • severe physical ill health can lead to depression and other mental illness
21
Q

What can immune reactions trigger?

A

Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma

22
Q

What can severe physical ill health lead to?

A

Severe physical I’ll health can lead to depression and other mental illnesses

23
Q

What may defects in the immune system mean?

A

Defects in the immune system may mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases