Chapter 7: Musical Expression - Tempo and Dynamics Flashcards
Tempo
The rate of speed or pace of the music
Dynamics
Element of musical expression relating to the volume of a sound
Tempo markings being given in Italian is reflective of what?
The domination of Italian music in Europe from around 1600 to 1750, when performance directions were established
Tempo markings indicate what features of a piece of music?
The character and pace of the music
Grave
Very, very slow; solemn
Largo
Very slow; broad
Adagio
Quite slow
Andante
Walking pace
Moderato
Moderate
Allegro
Fast; cheerful
Vivace
Lively
Presto
Very fast
Common tempo markings
Grave, largo, adagio, andante, moderato, allegro, vivace, presto
Molto
Very
Meno
Less
Poco
A little
Non troppo
Not too much
Accelerando
Getting faster
Ritardando
Holding back, getting slower
A tempo
In time, or returning to the original pace
Modifiers
Molto, meno, poco, non troppo
Terms indicating change in tempo
Accelerando, ritardando, a tempo
Dynamic indications
Pianissimo (pp), piano (p), mezzo piano (mp), mezzo forte (mf), forte (f), fortissimo (ff)
Pianissimo (pp)
Very soft
Piano (p)
Soft
Mezzo piano (mp)
Moderately soft
Mezzo forte (mf)
Moderately loud
Forte (f)
Loud
Fortissimo (ff)
Very loud
Terms/signs used to change dynamics
Crescendo (), decrescendo (>), diminuendo
Crescendo (
Growing louder
Decrescendo/diminuendo (>)
Growing softer
When did expression marks increase in number?
During the late 18th and 19th centuries
The composer adds markings for _____ and ______ to help shape the expressive content of a work.
Tempo; dynamics
Which of the following terms indicate a slow tempo? Which indicate a fast tempo? Adagio Presto Vivace Grave Largo
Slow tempo: Adagio, grave, largo
Fast tempo: Presto, Vivace
Which of the following terms indicate a change in tempo and which indicate the overall tempo of a piece? Presto Ritardando Allegro Accelerando Andante
Change in tempo: Ritardando, accelerando
Overall tempo: Presto, allegro, andante
Match the dynamic symbol to its corresponding meaning: p, mf, f, pp, mp
p = piano mf = mezzo forte f = forte pp = pianissimo mp = mezzo piano
True or False: Composers use tempo and dynamic markings to elicit the intended expression from the performers.
True