Chapter 7 - Long-term memory systems

Question 1

Amnesia

Answer 1

A condition caused by brain damage in which there is severe impairment of long-term memory (mostly declarative memory).

Question 2

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 2

Amnesia (impaired long-term memory) caused by chronic alcoholism.

Question 3

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 3

Reduced capacity for new learning (and subsequent remembering) after the onset of amnesia.

Question 4

Declarative memory

Answer 4

A form of long-term memory that involves knowing something is the case; it involves conscious recollection and includes memory for facts (semantic memory) and events (episodic memory); sometimes known as explicit memory.

Question 5

non-declarative memory

Answer 5

Forms of long-term memory that influence behaviour but do not involve conscious recollection (e.g., priming procedural memory); also known as implicit memory.

Question 6

Procedural memory

Answer 6

This is memory concerned with knowing how and it includes the knowledge required to perform skilled actions.

Question 7

Priming

Answer 7

Facilitating the processing of (and response) to a target stimulus by presenting a stimulus related to it shortly beforehand.

Question 8

Repetition priming

Answer 8

The findings that processing of a stimulus is facilitated if it has been processed previously.

Question 9

Episodic memory

Answer 9

A form of long-term memory concerned with personal experiences or episodes occurring in a given place at a specific time.

Question 10

Semantic memory

Answer 10

A form of long-term memory consisting of general knowledge about the world, concepts, language and so on.

Question 11

Semantic dementia

Answer 11

A condition involving damage to the anterior temporal lobes involving widespread loss of information about the meanings of words and concepts; however, episodic memory and executive functioning are reasonable intact initially.

Question 12

Personal semantics

Answer 12

Aspects of one’s personal or autobiographical memory that combine elements of episodic memory and semantic memory.

Question 13

Semanticisation

Answer 13

The phenomenon of episodic memories changing into semantic memories over time.

Question 14

Free recall

Answer 14

A test of episodic memory in which previously presented to-be-remembered items are recalled in any order.

Question 15

Serial recall

Answer 15

A test of episodic memory in which previously presented to-be-remembred items must be recalled in the order of presentation.

Question 16

Cued recall

Answer 16

A test of episodic memory in which previously presented to-be-remembered items are recalled in response to relevant cues.

Question 17

Concepts

Answer 17

Mental representations of categories of objects or items.

Question 18

Category-specific deficits

Answer 18

Disorders caused by brain damage in which semantic memory is disrupted for certain semantic categories.

Question 19

Schema

Answer 19

An organised packet of information about the world, events or people stored in long-term memory.

Question 20

Script

Answer 20

A form of schema containing information about a sequence of events (e.g., events during a typical restaurant meal).

Question 21

Perceptual priming

Answer 21

A form of priming in which repeated presentations of a stimulus facilitates its perceptual processing.

Question 22

Conceptual priming

Answer 22

A form of priming in which there is facilitated processing of stimulus meaning.

Question 23

Repetition suppression

Answer 23

The finding that stimulus repetition often leads to reduced brain activity (typically when enhanced performance via priming).

Question 24

Repetition enhancement

Answer 24

The finding that stimulus repetition sometimes leads to increased brain activity.

Question 25

Boundary extension

Answer 25

Misremembering a scene as having a larger surround area than was actually the case.