Capter 3 - Object and face recognition

Question 1

Pattern recognition

Answer 1

The ability to identify or categorise two-dimensional patterns (e.g., letters; fingerprints)

Question 2

CAPTCHA

Answer 2

A completely Automated Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart involving distorted characters connected together is often used to establish that the user of an internet website is human rather than an automated system.

Question 3

Law of Pragnanz

Answer 3

The notion that the simplest possible organisation of the visual environment is perceived; proposed by the gestaltists.

Question 4

Figure-ground segmentation

Answer 4

The perceptual organisation of the visual field into a figure (object of central interest) and a ground (less imprtant background).

Question 5

Uniform connectedness

Answer 5

The notion that adjacent regions in the visual environment having uniform visual properties (e.g., colour) are perceived as a single perceptual unit.

Question 6

Shooter bias

Answer 6

The tendency for unarmed black individuals to be more likely than unarmed white individuals to be shot.

Question 7

Holistic processing

Answer 7

Processing that involves integrating information from an entire object (especially faces).

Question 8

Face inversion effect

Answer 8

The finding that faces are much harder to recognise when presented upside down; the effect of inversion is less marked (or absent) with other objects.

Question 9

Part-whole effect

Answer 9

The findings that a face part is recognised more easily when presented in the context of a whole face rather than on its own.

Question 10

Prosopagnosia

Answer 10

A condition (also known as face blindness) in which there is a severe impairment in face recognition but much less impairment of object recognition; it is often the result of brain damage (aquired prosopagnosia) but can also be due to impaired development of face-recognition mechanisms (developmental prosopagnosia).

Question 11

Fusiform face area

Answer 11

An area that is associated with face processing; the term is somewhat misleading given that the area is also associated with processing other categories of objects.

Question 12

Super-recognisers

Answer 12

Individuals with an outstanding ability to recognise faces.

Question 13

Aphantasia

Answer 13

The inability to form mental images of objects when those objects are not present.

Question 14

Hallucinations

Answer 14

Perceptual experiences that appear real even though the individuals or objects perceived are not present.

Question 15

Anton’s syndrome

Answer 15

A condition found in some blind people in which they misinterpret their visual imagery as visual perception.

Question 16

Charles Bonnet syndrom

Answer 16

A condition in which individuals with eye disease form vivid and detailed visual hallucinations sometimes mistaken for visual perception.

Question 17

Depictive representation

Answer 17

A representation (e.g., visual image) resembling a picture in that objects within it are organised spatially.

Question 18

Visual buffer

Answer 18

Within Kosslyn.s theory, a short-term visual memory store involved in visual imagery and perception.

Question 19

Binocular rivalry

Answer 19

When two different visual stimuli are presented one to each eye, only one stimulus is seen; the seen stimulus alternates over time.