Chapter 7 Liver

Question 1

What are 3 functions of the liver?

Answer 1

1. metabolic regulation 2. hematologic regulation 3. bile production

Question 2

What is the liver?

Answer 2

the largest organ of the abdomen

Question 3

What regions of the abdomen is the liver in?

Answer 3

hypochondriac and epigastric regions

Question 4

Where is the liver located?

Answer 4

bordered superiorly, laterally and anteriorly by the right hemidiaphragm

Question 5

What is the name of the strong connective tissue that covers the surface of the liver?

Answer 5

Glisson’s capsule

Question 6

Is the liver peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 6

peritoneal

Question 7

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 7

1. left 2. right 3. caudate 4. quadrate

Question 8

What is the largest lobe of the liver?

Answer 8

right

Question 9

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver

Answer 9

the main lobar/interlobar fissure

Question 10

What is the smallest lobe of the liver?

Answer 10

the caudate

Question 11

Where is the caudate lobe located?

Answer 11

on the inferior and posterior liver surfaces bordered by ligamentum venosum or IVC

Question 12

Where is the quadrate lobe located?

Answer 12

on the anterioinferior surface of the left lobe between the gallbladder and the fissure of ligamentum teres

Question 13

What is the fissure for ligamentum teres?

Answer 13

the fissure that divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments; contains the round and falciform ligaments

Question 14

What is the ligamentum venosum?

Answer 14

a fibrous remnant of the dutus venosum of the fetal circulation; located between the left lobe and caudate lobe

Question 15

What is the transverse fissure?

Answer 15

The fissure that contains the horizontal portions of the right and left portal veins

Question 16

What is the interlobar/main lobar fissure?

Answer 16

the fissure that divides the right and left lobes; contains the gallbladder

Question 17

How is the liver divided into segments?

Answer 17

based on the branching of the hepatic and portal veins

Question 18

How many segments is the liver divided into?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

How does the liver receive nutrient-rich blood?

Answer 19

from the gastro-intestinal tract via the portal hepatic system

Question 20

What is the portal vein?

Answer 20

a major vessel of the system that is formed by the union of the SMV and splenic vein

Question 21

What is the portal confluence?

Answer 21

the union of the SMV and splenic vein

Question 22

Where is the portal confluence located?

Answer 22

posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Question 23

How does the portal vein enter the liver?

Answer 23

via the porta hepatis; it then branches into r/l portal veins inside the liver

Question 24

What are the ratios of the hepatic vasculature

Answer 24

arterial blood from hepatic artery (20-25%) nutrient-rich blood from portal vein (75-80%)

Question 25

What is the hepatic artery?

Answer 25

one of the three arteries that branch from the celiac trunk; it then branches into the proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery

Question 26

What are the hepatic veins?

Answer 26

the veins that remove the blood from the liver and drain them directly into the IVC just below the diaphragm right, middle, and left hepatic veins

Question 27

What is the bare area?

Answer 27

the part of the liver surface between the superior and inferior coronary ligaments