Chapter 7 Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

What are the 10 organs in the abdomino-pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

1. liver
2. gallbladder
3. pancreas
4. spleen
5. adrenal galnds
6. kidneys
7. ureters
8. stomach
9. intestines
10. vascular structures (IVC + aorta)

Question 2

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 2

the thin, serous lining of the abdominal cavity

Question 3

What are the two layers of the pertinoeum?

Answer 3

1. parietal (lines abdominal walls)

2. visceral (covers the organs)

Question 4

What are the two components of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 4

1. greater sac (between abdominal wall and the viscera)

2. lesser sac (located between posterior surface of the stomach and the posterior abdominal wall)

Question 5

How do the two sacs of the peritoneal cavity communicate?

Answer 5

via the Foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen)

Question 6

What is the mesentery?

Answer 6

a double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestines and attaches it to the abdominal wall

Question 7

What is the role of the mesentery?

Answer 7

serves as a route for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the small intestines

Question 8

What is the omentum?

Answer 8

a double layer of peritoneum that is attached to the stomach?

Question 9

What are the two compartments of the omentum?

Answer 9

1. greater omentum

2. lesser omentum

Question 10

What does the omentum do?

Answer 10

it is an apron-like sheet of mesentery that hangs in front of the intestines

Question 11

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 11

the fat-laden fold of peritoneum that drapes down over the transverse colon and spleen from the greater curvature of the stomach and connects to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 12

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 12

the part of the omentum that attaches the duodenum and lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 13

What is a peritoneal space?

Answer 13

potential spaces that are a result of the folds of peritoneum

Question 14

How many peritoneal spaces are there?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

Where are the r/l subphrenic spaces located?

Answer 15

between diaphragm and anterior liver, the falciform ligament divides the left and right spaces

Question 16

Where is the right subhepatic space located?

Answer 16

between the right lobe of liver and kidney; contains Morison’s pouch

Question 17

Where is the left subhepatic space located?

Answer 17

between the left lobe of the liver and kidney; includes lesser omentum

Question 18

Where are the r/l infracolic spaces located?

Answer 18

below the transverse colon; divided by mesentery of small intestine

Question 19

Where is the right paracolic gutter located?

Answer 19

between the ascending colon and right abdominal wall

Question 20

Where is the left paracolic gutter located?

Answer 20

between the descending colon and left abdominal wall

Question 21

How many retroperitoneal spaces are there?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Where is the anterior pararenal space located?

Answer 22

Between anterior renal (Gerota’s) fascia and posterior surface of peritoneum

Question 23

Where is the posterior pararenal space located?

Answer 23

Between posterior renal (Gerota’s) fascia and muscles of posterior abdominal wall

Question 24

Where are the r/l perirenal spaces located?

Answer 24

around the kidneys and adrenal glands; completely enclosed by renal (Gerota’s) fascia

Question 25

What are the 11 organs of the retroperitineum

Answer 25

1. kidneys 2. ureters 3. adrenal glands 4. pancreas 5. duodenum 6. aorta 7. IVC 8. bladder 9. uterus 10. prostate gland 11. genital structures

Question 26

What is the retroperitoneum?

Answer 26

the space that contains the organs that are situated posterior to the peritoneum

Question 27

How many peritoneal ligaments are there?

Answer 27

14

Question 28

Where is the gastrocolic ligament located?

Answer 28

apron portion of the greater omentum attached to the transverse colon

Question 29

Where is the gastrosplenic (gastrolineal ligament) located?

Answer 29

left portion of the greater omentum that connects the hilum of the spleen to the greater curvature and fundus of the stomach

Question 30

Where is the splenorenal (lienorenal ligament)

Answer 30

connects the spleen and kidney

Question 31

Where is the gastrophrenic located?

Answer 31

superior portion of greater omentum attached to the diaphragm and posterior aspect of the fundus and esophagus

Question 32

Where is the hepatorenal ligament located?

Answer 32

connects the liver and kidney

Question 33

Where is the hepatoesophageal ligament located?

Answer 33

connects the liver and esophagus

Question 34

Where is the hepatogastric ligament located?

Answer 34

connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 35

Where is the hepatoduodenal ligament located?

Answer 35

connects the superior region of the duodenum to the liver

Question 36

Where is the falciform ligament located?

Answer 36

extends from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

Question 37

Where is the round ligament located?

Answer 37

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein, lying in the free edge of the falciform ligament

Question 38

Where are the coronary ligaments located?

Answer 38

reflections of the peritoneum that surround the bare area of the liver

Question 39

Where are the triangular (r/l) ligament located?

Answer 39

where the layers of the coronary ligaments meet to the left and right; respectively

Question 40

Where is the phrenocolic ligament located?

Answer 40

attaches the left flexure of the colon to the diaphragm