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Physics > Chapter 7 - Light > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Light Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of reflection

A

All types of waves can be reflected

The velocity, freequency, and wavelength of the reflected and incident ray are the same

Waves are in the same medium

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2
Q

What is the principle of reflection

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Incident ray, reflect ray, and normal lie in the same plain.

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3
Q

What happens if the gap is bigger in diffraction

A

The bending effect reduces

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4
Q

What is the normal

A

A fictious line that is perpendicular to the plain surface.

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of surfaces to reflect on
how much reflection

A

Rough/curved - diffused reflection
smooth - almost all light is reflected, some is transmitted
Mirror - 100% of the light is transmitted

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6
Q

How does the wave refract thru diff mediums

A

Rarer to denser - Towards the normal
Denser to rarer - away from the normal

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7
Q

Refractive index formula

speed of light

A

Speed of light in m1/speed of light in m2

m1 and m2 = medium 1 and medium 2

or

c/v

c = speed of light in vaccum = 3 * 10^8 m/s
v = speed of light in medium 2

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8
Q

What is a spectrum
why is a spectrum formed when light passes through a prism

A

a range of colours

Dispersion

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9
Q

Properties of a virtual image

A

Laterally inverted
Distance of object and image from the mirror are the same
Size of object and image are the same
Upright image
Cannot be caught on a screen

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10
Q

What wave fronts do diff light sources give
name the light sources

A

Extended light source - cylindrical wave fronts
Point light source - spherical wave fronts.

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11
Q

what is a critical angle

A

angle at which refracted ray is parallel to the surface of material.

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12
Q

what is a principal focus

A

Principal focus: the point where rays parallel to the principal axis converge with a converging lens.

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13
Q

what is the principal axis

A

line that goes through optical center, and the 2 foci.

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14
Q

what is the optical centre

A

the center of the lens

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15
Q

what is the focal length

A

distance from principle focus and the optical centre.

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16
Q

when is a real image formed

A

When object is behind F1

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17
Q

when is a virtual image formed

A

when object is ahead of F1

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18
Q

define refraction of light

A

Refraction is the bending when light travels from one medium to another due to the change in speed of the ray of light.

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19
Q

what do convex lenses to do light rays

A

they converge them

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20
Q

properties of images formed in convex lenses

A

The image is upright and magnified, it is a virtual image.

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21
Q

how does dispersion of light occur

A

If a beam of white light is passed through a prism it is dispersed into a spectrum.

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22
Q

what is monochromatic light

A

Monochromatic light is that of a single frequency.

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23
Q

Common features of EM waves

A

travel through vacuum

travel at the speed of light

are transverse waves

transfer energy

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24
Q

When are EM waves emited

A

emitted whenever charged particles oscillate or lose energy

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25
Electromagnetic spectrum (organized by increasing wavelength)
Gamma x-rays ultraviolet light infrared microwaves radio waves: UHF, VHF, short waves, medium waves, long waves
26
what are VHF and UHF waves
VHF - very high frequency UHF - ultra high frequency
27
Infrared radiation and light how does an object glow when its heated and at what temp
All objects emit some infrared radiation When an object heats up, it emits more and more infrared and shorter wave lengths. at 700 degrees - produces shortest possible wavelengths that can be detected- glows red hot at 1000 - entire spectrum is covered and the object glows white hot
28
What is flouresense
Materials that absorb ultra violet and convert its energy to visible light and glow.
29
What are x-rays their penetration powers
Rays that are given off when fast-moving electron lose energy very quickly. short wavelength x rays are extremely penetrating long wavelength x rays are less penetrating
30
gamma rays where do they come from when are they produced
Rays that come from radioactive materials. Produced when the nuclei of unstable atoms break up or lose energy.
31
properties of image that originate from behind 2f1
Real Inverted Diminished (smaller than the object)
32
Properties of image that originate between 2f1 and f1
Real inverted enlarged (larger than the object)
33
What happens when the object is in between the f1 and the lens
Rays never converge - form a virtual, upright and magnified image cannot be caught on a screen
34
Properties of images formed by concave lens
Virtual Upright Smaller than object
35
what happens when the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle
partial reflection, some light is refracted and some light is reflected
36
what happens when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
total internal reflection occurs
37
what happens when the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle
the angle of refraction is 90 degrees and the refracted ray lies on the principal axis
38
what physics property do optical fibers make use of what is their medical use of optical fibres where else are they used
total internal reflection - all rays are reflected no ray is refracted and escaped medical use: surgery (endoscopy) other use: telecommunication
39
what is the speed of light
3x10^8 m/s
40
name all the types of waves in order in the electromagnetic spectrum
radio waves microwaves infrared waves visible light ultraviolet x-ray gamma ray
41
which are the broad electromagnetic rays
radio rays light rays gamma rays
42
as we go from gamma to radio waves what increases/decreases
wavelength increases from gamma to radio (radio has highest wavelength) energy decreases from gamma to radio (gamma has highest energy) frequency decreases from gamma to radio (gamma has highest freq)
43
what are all the colours in the visible light spectrum (give acronym)
violet indigo blue green yellow orange red (VIBGYOR)
44
as we go from violet to red how does the wavelength, speed and frequency change
wavelength increases (red has highest wavelength) frequency decreases (violet has highest frequency) speed increases (red has highest speed)
45
which waves travel at the same high speed in a vaccum
infra-red waves, microwaves and radio waves
46
which waves are used to transport television pictures from satellites
microwaves
47
when drawing reflection images what is important
draw a bisector of the reflected and incident ray make sure the angle between incident and bisector = reflected and bisector
48
refractive index formula, critical angle
refractive index = 1/sin critical angle
49
Describe the harmful effects on people of excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation microwaves infrared ultraviolet x rays gamma rays
microwaves; internal heating of body cells infrared; skin burns ultraviolet; damage to surface cells and eyes, leading to skin cancer and eye conditions X-rays and gamma rays; mutation or damage to cells in the body
50
Define total internal deflection
Reflection in a more dense material where there is no refracted ray
51
Describe how optical fibres are used in telecom
Carry telephone calls and internet data Signals are coded and sent along the fibre as pulses of laser light
52
What happens in a short sighted solution
Incoming rays bend inwards too much before they reach the retina solution: A concave lens placed in front of the eye (look at diagram on page 157 of tb atl once to get a good idea) scientific name - myopia
53
What happens in a long sighted eye solution
Incoming rays don't bend inwards enough so when they reach the retina they still haven't met solution: a convex lens in placed in front of the eye (look at diagram on page 157 of tb atl once to get a good idea) hyperopia
54
What is a bifocal lens
Top of the lens aid in looking at distant objects bottom part of the lens - looking at objects that are close
55
In order to use a convex lens as a magnifying class, where does the object have to be what kind of image properties of image where is the eye
Object between F1 and Lens Virtual image Upright magnified Cannot be picked up on a screen Eye - opposite side of the object looking through the diverging rays
56
Common uses of radio waves
radio and television transmissions astronomy radio frequency identification (RFID) - Contactless debit and credit cards contain a tiny chip. When a reader sends out radio waves the chip emits data signals.
57
Common uses of microwaves
satellite television mobile phones microwave ovens
58
Common uses of infrared waves
electric grills short range communications such as remote controllers for televisions intruder alarms thermal imaging optical fibres
59
Common uses of visible light
vision photography illumination
60
Common uses of UV
security marking detecting fake bank notes sterilising water
61
Common uses of Xray
medical scanning security scanners
62
Common uses of gamma
sterilising food and medical equipment detection of cancer and its treatment - cheomotherapy
63
How is communication between satelites possible types of satellite phones
Microwaves some satellite phones use low earth orbit (LEO) artificial satellites some satellite phones and direct broadcast satellite television use geostationary (GEO) satellites
64
Why do mobile phones and wireless internet use microwaves
microwaves can penetrate some walls and only require a short aerial for transmission and reception
65
How does Bluetooth make use of EM waves why? disadv
low energy radio waves or microwaves they can pass through walls but the signal is weakened on doing so
66
Which em waves are used in optical fibres
visible light infrared rays
67
Define an analogue signal define a digital signal
Sound waves entering a microphone make its voltage across vary. When this variation is continous it is known as an analogue signal Digital signal - a signal represented by numbers
68
2 ways sound can be transmitted
as a digital or analogue signal
69
benefits of digital signaling
including increased rate of transmission of data increased range due to accurate signal regeneration
70
describe one use of optical fibre in medicine
Light travels down (optic) fibres into or out of body To examine internal organ Light travels both ways into and out of body

Physics (25 decks)

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