astro (11.1- 11.3)🪐

Question 1

what is the sun core temp and surface temp

Answer 1

huge glowing ball of gas, surface temp of 6000C and core temp of 15 million C

Question 2

How is the sun’s energy released
what is radiated

Answer 2

Nuclear reactions in the core of the sun

radiates in the Infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions of the em spectrum

Question 3

what are the gases the sun is made up of

Answer 3

helium and hydrogen

Question 4

what is the path the earth takes to move around the sun called

Answer 4

an orbit

Question 5

what is the reason some regions get varying hours of daylight throughout the year

Answer 5

the earth’s axis is tilted by 23.5 degrees

Question 6

zone A and zone B receive equal amounts of energy per second. why is zone A colder than B

Answer 6

zone A has a larger surface area so the energy is more spread out

Question 7

how many days does the moon’s orbit take

Answer 7

27.3 days

Question 8

why do humans see only one side/face of the moon

Answer 8

because the moon takes 27.3 days to turn on its own axis

Question 9

orbital speed formula

Answer 9

2piR/T

Circumference/time

Question 10

planets from the sun to outwards

Answer 10

mercury
venus
earth
mars
asteroids
jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune
pluto

My Very Easy trick: Just Say the Nine Planets
however this acronym misses out on mars and uranus
mars after earth
uranus after saturn
essentially, the two words with t (trick, the) are other planets - mars and uranus

Question 11

what happens to the planet’s orbit as it goes further away from the sun

Answer 11

planet moves slower in its orbit as distance increases from sun

Question 12

what happens to the surface temperature of the planet as it goes away from the sun

Answer 12

surface temperature decreases

Question 13

how long does the earth take to complete one revolution on its axis

Answer 13

24 hrs

Question 14

what does the solar system contain

Answer 14

1 star
8 planets
dwarf planets and asteroids that revolve around the sun
moons that orbit planets
smaller bodies: comets, natural satellites

Question 15

which bodies have elliptical orbits

Answer 15

planets (mercury and mars), minor planets and comets

Question 16

when is the sun at the centre of the orbit

Answer 16

when the orbit is approximately circular

Question 17

what do the 4 planets closer to the sun have in common

Answer 17

they are all rocky and small

Question 18

what do the 4 planets farther from the sun have in common

Answer 18

they are gaseous and large

Question 19

how are orbits formed

Answer 19

due to the suns gravitational pull on the planets/ due to gravity

Question 20

what does the strength of a planets gravitational field depend on

Answer 20

the planets mass

Question 21

when does the strength of a planet’s gravitational field decrease

Answer 21

as you get further away from it

Question 22

why does an object in an elliptical orbit travel faster when closer to the sun

Answer 22

gpe converts to ke
gravitational field strength increases as you go closer to the sun

Question 23

what contains nearly 99.9% mass of the solar system

Answer 23

the sun

Question 24

What are the inner planets
aka

Answer 24

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

aka terrestrial planets

Question 25

What are the outer planets
aka

Answer 25

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

aka gas giants

Question 26

Characteristics of mercury

Answer 26

Closet to sun
Cratered surface and no atmosphere

Question 27

Characteristics of venus

Answer 27

Brightest object in the night sky (except moon)

Alm same size as earth

Planet is covered by clouds of sulfuric acid

Atmosphere is 97% carbon dioxide - lots of greenhouse effect. Temps can reach 500

Question 28

Characteristics of earth

Answer 28

Only planet in solar system that can support life

Question 29

Char of mars

Answer 29

Thin atmosphere mainly of co2
dusty surface
Has volcanoes but aren’t active
Scientists believed water once flowed on mars because of the shapes of the valleys.

Question 30

Describe orbits of asteriods

Answer 30

Most have orbits between mars and jupiter

Some have eliptical orbits that cross other planets’ orbits. Eg: 65 mil years a 10km wide struck earth (dino extinction)

Question 31

Char of jupiter

Answer 31

More massive than all other planet put together
Atmosphere is 90% hydrogen
Great red spot - huge storm that has been going on for centuries
Moon Io - only other place other than earth where there are active volcanoes

Question 32

Char of saturn

Answer 32

Sorrounded by thin rings - made of millions of ice pieces.

Each piece is a ‘moonlet’ in its own orbit around saturn

Question 33

Char of uranus

Answer 33

Axis of rotation tilted more than 90 deg

also has rings but they are fainter than saturn’s

Question 34

Char of neptune

Answer 34

Outermost planet - has very faint rings

Question 35

Char of pluto

Answer 35

Recently considered as a dwarf planet because of its small size.

Question 36

Describe a comet

Answer 36

Highly eliptical orbits

Head of a comet- icy lump
When it receives heat from the sun - particles of dust and gas stream off into space. Form a long tail thats millions of kms long

Tail is visible cuz it reflects sunlight