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Concise EMT Crash Course > (Chapter 7) Life Span Development > Flashcards

(Chapter 7) Life Span Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Soft spots in a newborn’s skull.

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2
Q

What is the age range for an infant?

A

From 1 month to 1 year of age.

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3
Q

What is the age range for a neonate?

A

From birth to 1 month (28 days).

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4
Q

What is the age range for a toddler?

A

From 1 to 3 years of age.

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5
Q

What is the age range for a preschooler?

A

From 3 to 6 years of age.

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6
Q

What are the vital signs of a neonate? (Respirations)

A
  • Respirations: 30-60 breaths per minute.
  • Pulse: 140-160 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: ~70 systolic.
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7
Q

How does a neonate’s weight change during the first year?

A
  • Birth weight is about 6-8 pounds.
  • Weight doubles by 6 months and triples by 1 year.
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8
Q

When do a neonate’s fontanelles fully fuse?

A

By about 18 months of age.

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9
Q

What are the reflexes present in neonates?

A
  • Startle Reflex: Arms open wide, fingers spread.
  • Grip Reflex: Grasps when the palm is touched.
  • Rooting Reflex: Turns head toward cheek touch.
  • Sucking Reflex: Stimulated by touching lips.
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10
Q

What are the developmental milestones of an infant at 6 months?

A
  • Begins teething.
  • Can sit upright.
  • Tracks objects visually.
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11
Q

What are the developmental milestones of an infant at 12 months?

A
  • Recognizes name.
  • Walks with assistance.
  • Speaks a few words.
  • Communicates distress through crying.
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12
Q

What are the vital signs of a toddler (1-3 years)?

A
  • Respirations: 20-30 breaths per minute.
  • Heart Rate: 90-140 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: 80-90 systolic.
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13
Q

What milestones are typical of toddlers?

A
  • Walks and climbs.
  • Potty-trained.
  • Recognizes basic shapes and colors.
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14
Q

What are the vital signs of a preschooler (3-6 years)?

A
  • Respirations: 20-25 breaths per minute.
  • Heart Rate: 80-130 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: 90-110 systolic.
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15
Q

What milestones are typical of preschoolers?

A
  • Physically coordinated.
  • Communicates well verbally.
  • Knows name and address.
  • Can count to 10 or more.
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16
Q

What are general recommendations for interacting with children?

A
  1. Allow children to stay with caregivers to reduce separation anxiety.
  2. Communicate directly with children.
  3. Use literal language—avoid lies.
17
Q

What are the vital signs for school-age children (6-12 years)?

A
  • Respirations: 15-20 breaths per minute.
  • Heart Rate: 70-110 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: 90-120 systolic.
18
Q

What physiological changes occur in school-age children?

A
  • Permanent teeth replace baby teeth.
  • The musculoskeletal system grows rapidly.
19
Q

What are typical developmental milestones for school-age children?

A
  • Read and write.
  • Develop basic problem-solving skills.
  • Establish self-image and morals.
  • Form large social circles due to school.
  • Understand the concept of death.
  • Look up to authority figures like police officers and firefighters.
20
Q

How should you communicate with school-age children?

A
  • Use understandable terms but avoid talking down to them.
  • Respect their privacy rights.
21
Q

What are the vital signs for adolescents (12-18 years)?

A
  • Respirations: 12-20 breaths per minute.
  • Heart Rate: 60-100 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: 100-120 systolic.
22
Q

What physiological changes occur in adolescents?

A
  • Significant physical growth over ~3 years.
  • Puberty occurs.
  • Eating disorders are common, especially in females up to age 25.
23
Q

What behaviors are typical of adolescents?

A
  • Argumentative, hypercritical, and egocentric.
  • Struggle to anticipate consequences of their actions.
  • Face peer pressure, increasing the risk of depression and suicide.
  • Preoccupied with body image and appearance.
  • May become sexually active.
24
Q

How should you approach sensitive matters with adolescents?

A

Talk to them privately without caregivers present when possible.

25
Q

What are the stages of adulthood?

A
  • Early Adulthood: 20-40 years.
  • Middle Adulthood: 40-60 years.
  • Late Adulthood: 60+ years.
26
Q

What are the vital signs for adults?

A
  • Respirations: 12-20 breaths per minute.
  • Heart Rate: 60-100 beats per minute.
  • Blood Pressure: 110/70 to 130/90.
27
Q

What are key characteristics of adulthood?

A
  • Accidental trauma is a leading cause of death in young adults.
  • Mild physical decline begins in middle adulthood.
  • Women experience menopause during middle adulthood.
  • Physical and mental decline continues in late adulthood.
  • Older adults often have extensive medical histories and take at least four medications.

Concise EMT Crash Course (8 decks)

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