Chapter 7 - Life Span Development Flashcards
Neonates
Birth to 1 month, 6-8 lbs at birth, grows 1oz per day, 25% of body weight is her, weight triples by end of first year
Infants
1 month to 1 year
Develop at a startling rate
Cardiovascular system (neonate)
at birth, fetal to independent circulation
Pulmonary system (infants)
prone to nasal congestion under 6 months
larger tongues and shorter, narrower airways
Nervous system for infants
Evolution after birth
Moro refler, Palmar reflex, Rooting reflex, sucking reflex
Fontanelles
Spaces b/w bones that eventually fuse to form the skull
Posterior one fuses by 3mo
Anterior one fuses between age 9 and 18mo
Age responses for nervous system for response
2mo: tracking objects with their eyes and familiar faces
6mo: sitting upright and babbling
12mo: walking with min assist
Immune system for infants
Maintains some of mom’s immunities
Can also receive antibodies via breastfeeding
Psychosocial changes for infants
Begin at birth and evolve with environmental interaction
crying - main form of distress
Bonding is on a secure attachment
Anxious attachment is found in infants who are repeatedly rejected
Sep. anxiety is common in older infants
Trust and mistrust - infants needs need to be met
Toddler and preschoolers age
1-3, 3-6 years
Preschoolers (pulse, rr, systolic rates)
Pulse - 80-140beats
RR: 20-25 bpm
Systolic: 80-100mm/hg
Psychosocial changes for preschoolers
can express themselves
master basic language
can interact with other kids
understanding cause and effect
learn to recognize gender differences by observing role models
Physical changes for preschoolers
School age children
6-12 years
rapid rate of physical trait and function growth
4lb and 2.5 inches per year
Permanent teeth
brain activity increase in both hemispheres
Psychosocial changes for school age children
Preconvential reasoning
Conventional reasoning
Posconventional reasoning
Self-concept and self-esteem develop
Preconventional reasoning
act to avoid punishment and get what they want
Conventional reasoning
approval from society and peers
Postconventional reasoning
decisions by conscience
Adolescents (teenagers)
12-18 years
Vitals for adolescents(pulse, rr, systolic)
pulse: 60-100 beats per min (normal for adults)
RR: 12-20bpm
Systolic: 90 to 110 mm/hg
Physical changes for adolescents
2-3 year spurt: girls end by 16 and boys by 18
Reproductive system matures: Secondary sexual development, voice change, menstruation, acne
Psychosocial changes for adolescents
Adolescents and their families often deal with conflict
Privacy is an issue
Self-consciousness increases
Identity struggle
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure - 14-16 years
Code of ethics develops
High risk of suicide and depression
Early Adults
19-40 years
Vitals for early adults(pulse, rr, systolic)
Pulse - 60-100
RR: 12-20
Systolic: 90-120mmhg
Psychosocial changes
Life centers on work, family, and stress
Settling down
Enjoys one of the more stable periods of life psychologically
Middle adults
41-60 years
Vitals
pulse: 60-100
rr: 12-20
Systolic: 90-140mm/hg
Effects of middle adults
vision and hearing loss vulnerability
cancer chance increases
menopause between 40 and early 50s
Diabetes, hypertension, and weight problems
Exercise and healthy diet can diminish the effects of aging
Menopause
Psychosocial changes of middle adults
Focus on achieving life goals
Readjust lifestyle as children leave home
Physical, emotional, spiritual reserves to handle issues
Financial concern
Caring for both children leaving and aging parents
Older adults
61 years and older; life expectancy is approximately 78 years
