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EMT Text > Chapter 11 - Airway Management > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Airway Management Flashcards

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1
Q

tool for maintaining airway

A

OPA(unless gag reflex is present), NPA

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2
Q

After maintaining?

A

Use BVM to provide positive pressure to maintain patent airway

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3
Q

Alveoli

A

Place for gas exchange between O2 and CO2, surrounded my capillary beds to keep them in place and blood for the process

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4
Q

Normal lung sounds

A

Clear, equal, bilateral

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5
Q

Artificial ventilation

A

tools for providing ventilation

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6
Q

parts that need o2

A

Heart, lungs, kidney, brain, liver - they need it there is AMS

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7
Q

Upper airway and lower airway

A

Upper ends at larynx and lower starts from trachaea

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8
Q

Nose hairs

A

Filters waste out of the air we breathe for quality air and humidifies it

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9
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Lined with ciliated mucous membranes to keep contaminants out

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10
Q

Oropharynx

A

to prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing, posterior of the oral cavity

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11
Q

Larynx

A
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12
Q

Trachea

A
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13
Q

Which cavity has the heart and great vessels(vena cavae and aorta)?

A

Thoracic cavity

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14
Q

Ventilation

A

Physical act of inhaling and exhaling

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15
Q

Respirations

A

o2 co2 exchange in the alveoli

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16
Q

oxygenation

A

active process of loading oxygen onto the hemoglobin on the rbcs in the blood

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17
Q

hemoglobin

A

product of rbcs; blood protein that carries o2

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18
Q

WBCS

A

fights infection

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19
Q

platelets

A

clots to prevent bleeding

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20
Q

plasma

A

fluid that carries all the components like a river

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21
Q

C3 C4 C5

A

parts of the spine(cervivcal spine) that keeps you alive

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22
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

originates from the C3C4C5 nerves that sends signals to diaphragm to breathe

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23
Q

What does the brain need?

A

Sugar, o2, temperature (warm)

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24
Q

STUDY THE AIRWAYS

A
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25
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

Heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, major bronchi, lots of nerves

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26
Q

Nasal cannula requirements

A

1-6 Lpm at least 2
32-44% O2
for COMFORT

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27
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air in ml that is moved into or out of the lungs in one breath

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28
Q

Inhalation

A
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29
Q

Exhalation

A
30
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis

31
Q

Emphysema

A

Alveoli problem: They shrivel and gas exchange isn’t right(poor exchange)

32
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

CO2 retention; inflammation of the bronchioles

33
Q

Regulation of ventilation

A
34
Q

Asthma

A

Bronchioles get inflamed and and constrict them

35
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

They monitor O2 levels, CO2, H ion conc, and ph of CSF

36
Q

Ventilation/Perfusion ratio and mismatch

A

No gas exchange
lack of o2 in bloodstream
co2 recirculated in blood stream

37
Q

Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

A

infections, allergic reactions, unresponsivenes(tongue obstruction), trauma

38
Q

Suction guidelines

A

15 sec adult
10 sec child
5 sec infant
put to where you can see and circular motion on way out, remove immediately if gag reflex presented

39
Q

Factors affecting respiration

A

atmospheric pressure, partial pressure pf O2, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, Copd/emphysema

40
Q

Circulatory compromise

A

simple or tension pneumothorax
open pneumothorax
hemothorax
hemopneumothorax

41
Q

Simple pneumothorax/tension

A

partial collapse of the lung and complete

42
Q

open pneumothorax

A
43
Q

hemothorax

A

internal bleeding

44
Q

hemopneumothorax

A
45
Q

Adequate breathing

A

12-20 per min
regular pattern of breathing and exhalation
bilateral clear equal
chest rise normal
adequate depth - tidal volume

46
Q

Non rebreather mask req

A

10-15 Lpm
45%-64% o2
for labored breathing

47
Q

Bag-valve mask req

A

15+ Lpm
65-100% o2
for unresponsive, less than 8pm or more than 28pm, irregular breathing, shallow breathing

48
Q

rescue breathing req

A

1 breath every 5-6 seconds

49
Q

Recognize abnormal breathing

A

unequal inadequate chest expan
increased effort
shallow depth
skin that is pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist
skin pulling around ribs or around clavicles - retractions

50
Q

Cheyne stokes respirations

A

patients with stroke or head injuries
may appear to be breathing after the heart has stopped
called agonal gasps

51
Q

Attaxic, Kussmaul resp

A

A - irregular or unidentifiable pattern, may follow head injury
K - Deep rapid res, common in patient with metabolic acidosis, seen in diabetic patients with high blood sugar

52
Q

Assessment of respiratory in spite of normal ventilation

A

LOC/Skin color, pulse ox for oxygenation

53
Q

End tidal CO2 and meaning of results

A

Measurement of the maximal CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath
should be 35-45 mm/hg
low co2 - hyperventilation, decreased co2 return to lungs, reduced co2 production at cellular level
high co2 - ventilatory inadequacy or apnea

54
Q

Indications/Contra for OPA

A

Ind: Unresponsive without gag, apnea

55
Q

Indications/Contra for NPA

A
56
Q

way to maintaining airway

A

Recovery position to maintain a clear one who is unconscious, not injured and is breathing on his own, typically onto to take pressure off the heart

57
Q

Nasal Cannula indications/contra

A
58
Q

Partial rebreather mask

A
59
Q

Venturi mask

A
60
Q

Tracheostomy mask

A
61
Q

PPV

A
62
Q

Gastric distention(Meaning)

A
63
Q

Ways to prevent or alleviate gastric distention

A
64
Q

Automatic transport ventilator

A
65
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure
at least 25 Lpm
for severe shortness of breath
can hear rhonchi or rales for patients who use them and are blue
PPV for maintaining patent airway
once started, needs to be on until arrival at hospital

66
Q

What cpap do?

A

increases lung pressure
opens collapsed alveoli
pushes more o2 across alveoli membrane
pushes interstitial fluid back into pulmonary circulation

67
Q

Indications of CPAP

A
68
Q

Contra for CPAP

A
69
Q

Complications for CPAP

A
70
Q

Stomas

A
71
Q

Tracheostomy tubes

A

EMT Text (8 decks)

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