Chapter 7: Learning Flashcards
What’s non-associative learning
Habituation and sensitization
What’s a neutral stimulus?
a stimulus that initially elicits no particular response
What is higher order/second order conditioning?
Part of classical conditioning, adding a new neutral stimulus on top of an already conditioned stimulus
what is contingency?
If A can reliably predict B, then A is contingent on B, more contingency = more reliability that A will predict B and better classical conditioning
Law of effect
-Edward L. Thorndike
-behaviours leading to positive consequences = more of that behaviour and vice versa
Operant chamber (skinner box)
-BF Skinner
-chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to get food or water
reinforcement and shaping
reinforcement is to strengthen a response and shaping is guiding a behaviour with approximations before getting to desired behaviour
primary reinforcer
unlearned, innately reinforcing stimuli
conditioned (secondary) reinforcer
gains power through association with primary reinforcer
fixed ratio
quick acquisition, moderate extinction
variable ratio
moderate acquisition, slowest extinction
fixed interval
slowest acquisition, moderate extinction
variable interval
moderate acquisition, slow extinction
pioneer researcher of observational learning
Albert Bandura
what lobes for implicit learning
occipital lobe
what lobes for explicit learning
left temporal lobe, right frontal lobe, parietal lobe
what did Edward Tolman say?
learning can occur without conscious processing, only becomes obvious when reinforcer given for demonstrating it
leads to cognitive maps that involves the hippocampus
