Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards
Amplitude
Vertical height of a crest of a wave, measure of intensity
Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l)
Integer indicating the shape of an orbital (0=s,1=p,2=d…)
Complementary Properties
the more that you know about one, the less you know about the other
Constructive Interference
Interaction of waves that align, creating a greater amplitude
de Broglie Relation
(Lambda=h/mv)
Destructive interference
The interaction of waves aligned so that the waves cancel
Deterministic
present circumstances determine future events
Diffraction
When a wave passing through an aperture spreads out to form a new wave front
Electromagnetic Radiation
A form of energy embodied in oscillating electric and magnetic fields
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The range of the wavelengths of all possible EM radiation
Emission Spectrum
The range of wavelengths emitted by a particular element
Frequency (v)
The number of cycles that pass through a stationary point in one second
Gamma rays
Form of EM radiation with the highest energy and frequency
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Primciple
It is impossible to know both the velocity and position of an electron
Indeterminacy
The present doesn’t inherently determine the exact events of the future
Infrared radiation
EM radiation emitted from warm object, wavelengths larger than visible light
Interference
Superposition of two or more waves, resulting in a change of amplitude
Magnetic quantum number (ml)
Integer that indicates the orientation of an orbital
Microwaves
EM radiation with longer wavelengths than IR radiation, used for radar
Node
A point where the wave function, probability density, and radial distribution go through 0
Orbital
A probability distribution map based on the quantum mechanical model of the atom, used to describe the likely position of an electron in an atom
Phase
with regard to waves and orbitals, the phase is the sign of the amplitude of the wave (+/-)
Photoelectric effect
The observation that many metals emit electrons when light falls upon them
Photon
The smallest packet of electromagnetic radiation
Quanta
The smallest packet of electromagnetic radiation
Principle level (shell)
The group of orbitals with the same value of N
Principle quantum level (n)
An integer that specifies the size and energy of an orbital. the higher it is, the greater the average distance between electron and the nucleus,
Probability density
Probability of finding an electron at a point in space
Quantum number
Four numbers that determine the shape and energy of orbitals/electrons in orbitals
Quantum mechanical model
Model that explains the behavior of absolutely small particles such as an electron or photons
Radio waves
EM radiation with the longest wavelengths and smallest energy
Spin quantum number (ms)
The fourth quantum number, indicates electron’s spin as up (1/2) or down (-1/2)
Sublevel (subshell)
Orbitals with the same n and l
UV Radiation
EM radiation with slightly smaller wavelengths than visible light
Visible light
EM radiation that can be seen by humans
Wave function (psi)
A function describing the wave nature of electrons
Wavelength (lambda)
Distance between crests of a wave
X rays
EM radiation with wavelength slightly longer than gamma rays
