Chapter 3 Key Terms Flashcards
Ionic Bond
Bond that involves the transfer of electrons and is held together by electromagnetic forces. Occurs with a metal and nonmetal.
Covalent Bond
Bond that is formed by two or more nonmetals that share electrons.
Chemical Formula
A way of writing the elements present in a compound and their abundance within the compound.
Empirical Formula
A chemical formula that is the relative number of atoms in a molecule, always the most simplified form.
Molecular Formula
A chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms in a single molecule
Structural Formula
A molecular formula that has added lines to represent covalent bonds and shows the structure of a molecule.
Ball and Stick Model
A molecular model that represents atoms as balls and bonds as sticks.
Space Filling Model
A molecular model that shows atoms as balls merged together, those points of contact represent the bonds between atoms.
Atomic Element
Elements which exist as free atoms in nature.
Molecular Element
Elements which exist in nature as molecules bonded to themselves. (H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I)
Molecular Compound
Covalently bonded compounds.
Ionic Compound
Compounds bound by ionic bonds.
Formula Unit
The smallest electrically neutral collection of ions in an ionic compound. It is the equivalent of a molecular formula for an ionic compound.
Polyatomic Ion
A compound with an overall charge.
Common Name
The nicknames that people give certain compounds - i.e, NaCl as “table salt”
Systematic Name
The chemical name for compounds that are unique and based on the components of the compound.
Binary Compound
Compounds with two elements.
Oxyanion
Anions containing oxygen and another element.
Hydrate
Ionic compounds with a certain amount of water typically associated with that compound.
Acid
Molecular compounds that release H+ ions when released in water
Binary Acid
Acids containing hydrogen and a nonmetal.
Formula Mass
The molecular mass of a compound.
Mass Percent Composition
The percentage of a compound’s total mass that a particular element makes up.
Empirical Formula Molar Mass
The sum of the masses of all atoms in an empirical formula.
Combustion Analysis
A method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds containing carbon and hydrogen.
Chemical Reaction
A process that allows one or more substances to be converted into one or more other substances.
Combustion Reaction
A chemical reaction where a substance combines with oxygen to make one or more oxygen containing compounds.
Chemical Equation
A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.
Reactants
The starting substances of a chemical reaction.
Products
The resulting substances of a chemical reaction.
Balanced Chemical Equation
A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction that shows the proportions required to get a full reaction.
