Chapter 7: Inside The Cell

Question 1

Protiens

Answer 1

Perform most of the cells functions

Question 2

Nuclei acids

Answer 2

Store, transmit, and process information

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Provide chemical energy, carbon, support, and identity

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

Serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier, only always certain things to leave or get in

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

Have a membrane - bound nucleus, humans/animal, much larger cell

Question 6

Prokaryotes

Answer 6

Lack a membrane, bacteria, fungi archaea

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Forms a protective “exoskeleton”. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have a cell wall to give it structure

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Motility, found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 9

Fimbriae

Answer 9

Needle like projections that promote attachment to other cells or surfaces

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

• double membrane
• house DNA (chromosomes)
• replication (DNA)
• transcription (RNA)
• where we make ribosomes

Question 11

Nuclear envelope

Answer 11

Surrounded by a double membrane

Question 12

Nuclear lamina

Answer 12

Sitoskeleton structure, holds membrane together

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

Where ribosome subunits are assembled

Question 14

Nuclear pore complexes

Answer 14

Lets things in and out

Question 15

Heterochromatin

Answer 15

Densely packed sections of DNA (darker areas)

Question 16

Euchrumatin

Answer 16

Loosely packed sections of DNA, likely to have more proteins

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Manufacture proteins, some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

An organelle that is an extension of the nuclear envelope
Two types: rough and smooth

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

Studded with ribosomes, they attach long enough to make proteins and then detach

Question 20

Smooth ER

Answer 20

Doesn’t have ribosomes, breaks down alcohol

Question 21

Golgi apparatus

Answer 21

Formed by a series of stacked, flat, membranous, sacs called cisternae

Question 22

Lysosomes

Answer 22

Recycling centers found only in animal cells, work best at an acid pH

Question 23

Vacuoles

Answer 23

Help store water, only found in plants and fungi

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Supply ATP to cells
Have two membranes
Have their own DNA
Manufacture their own ribosomes and proteins
Only found in eukaryotes

Question 25

Chloroplast

Answer 25

Where photoshthesis takes place
Contain their own DNA and manufacture their own ribosomes

Question 26

Grana

Answer 26

Thylakoids arranged in stacks
Found in oak trees and plants

Question 27

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 27

Started using itself as an extra membrane

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

Composed ofprotein fibers
Gives cell shape and structural stability

Question 29

Peptoglidcan

Answer 29

Is what the bacteria cell wall is made out of