Chapter 7: Inside The Cell Flashcards
Protiens
Perform most of the cells functions
Nuclei acids
Store, transmit, and process information
Carbohydrates
Provide chemical energy, carbon, support, and identity
Plasma membrane
Serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier, only always certain things to leave or get in
Eukaryotes
Have a membrane - bound nucleus, humans/animal, much larger cell
Prokaryotes
Lack a membrane, bacteria, fungi archaea
Cell wall
Forms a protective “exoskeleton”. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have a cell wall to give it structure
Flagella
Motility, found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Fimbriae
Needle like projections that promote attachment to other cells or surfaces
Nucleus
- double membrane
- house DNA (chromosomes)
- replication (DNA)
- transcription (RNA)
- where we make ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
Surrounded by a double membrane
Nuclear lamina
Sitoskeleton structure, holds membrane together
Nucleolus
Where ribosome subunits are assembled
Nuclear pore complexes
Lets things in and out
Heterochromatin
Densely packed sections of DNA (darker areas)
Euchrumatin
Loosely packed sections of DNA, likely to have more proteins
Ribosomes
Manufacture proteins, some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle that is an extension of the nuclear envelope
Two types: rough and smooth
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes, they attach long enough to make proteins and then detach
Smooth ER
Doesn’t have ribosomes, breaks down alcohol
Golgi apparatus
Formed by a series of stacked, flat, membranous, sacs called cisternae
Lysosomes
Recycling centers found only in animal cells, work best at an acid pH
Vacuoles
Help store water, only found in plants and fungi
Mitochondria
Supply ATP to cells
Have two membranes
Have their own DNA
Manufacture their own ribosomes and proteins
Only found in eukaryotes
