chapter 7 important terms Flashcards
Urinary Meatus
is the external opening of the urethra
Filtration
the glomerulus does not allow protein and bacteria to enter the filtrate, while allowing water, salts, and waste.
Urinary Incontinence
the inability to control urination
Pyelolithotomy
is excision of a renal calculus from the renal pelvis
Nycturia
excessive urination at night
tubular reabsorbtion
Sugar and water return to the blood stream as filtrate passes through nephron tubules.
tubular secretion
Certain drugs and wastes are secreted into the tubules from the blood stream.
glomerular filtration rate
calculated volume of fluid generated by glomeruli
Antidiuretic hormone
increases absorbtion of water by renal tubules, decreasing amount of urine produced.
I&O (intake and output)
a 24 hour record that provides data about fluid and electrolyte problems
specific gravity
the density of urine compared with the density of water
urinometer
instrument for measuring specific gravity of urine
urea
nitrogen compound that is the final product of protein metabolism
creatine
Normal nitrogen product
Normal components of urine:
urea, ammonia, creatine, salts
Abnormal components of urine:
sugar, ketones, albumin, hemolyzed blood
ketones
end product of lipid metabolism
renal threshold
The amount of something dissolved in the blood to where the kidneys begin to filter it in nephrons
pus cells
necrotic white blood cells
urinary casts
gelatinous structures that take the shape of renal tubules. sign of renal disease or urinary calculi.
urine culture
test of bacteria in urine
voided specimen
a patient voids into a container to be used by laboratory specialists.
clean-catch specimen
urine sample obtained by clean catch technique that prevents contamination
catheterized specimen
urine sample obtained by catheter
renal clearance test
determines the efficiency of the kidneys to excrete substances
oliguria
excreting less than 500ml of urine a day
ureterocystostomy
surgical transplantation of ureter to another place in the bladder
cystectomy
resection of the bladder
hematuria
blood in urine
ureterocele
herniation of ureter
glycosuria
sugar in urine
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of kidneys because of glomeruli
urography
radiographic examination of the urinary system
indwelling catheter
catheter designed to be left in for long periods of time
Foley catheter
held in securely by a balloon that is filled with liquid
urodynamic studies
measure aspects of voiding and determines problems with urine flow.
electromyography
used to evaluate the strength of the muscles in voiding
anuria
excreting less than 100ml of urine a day
enuresis
inability to control urination
wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidneys in young children
uremia
accululation of of toxic products in the blood
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, including tubules
benign prostatic hyperplasia
enlargement of the prostate common in men after 50 years old.
hypospadias
congenital defect that causes the urinary meatus to be below the normal position
epispadias
developmental defect where the urinary meatus is above the normal position
hemodialysis
the patient’s blood is shunted from to body to a machine for diffusion and filtration.
lithotomy
incision of a duct or organ for removal of a calculus
lithotrite
an instrument for crushing stones in the body
laparoscopic nephrectomy
removal of the kidneys through small incisions in the abdominal wall.
ureterostomy
formation of a new opening that a ureter empties through
transureteroureterostomy
surgical connection of one ureter to another
