Chapter 2 Disease and Disorders Flashcards
List seven general causes of disease
- Infectious
- Genetic (congenital, anomaly)
- Traumatic
- Degenerative
- Neoplastic
- Metabolic
- Inflammatory/autoimmune
These categories help in understanding the origin and nature of various diseases.
List four general types of microorganisms
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoa
These microorganisms can cause various diseases and infections.
What does ‘acute’ mean in the context of diseases?
Having a short and relatively severe course.
Acute diseases often require immediate medical attention.
What does ‘chronic’ mean in the context of diseases?
Persisting over a long period.
Chronic diseases often require long-term management.
Define ‘virulence’
The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism.
Virulence is a key factor in determining the severity of an infection.
What are ‘pathogenic microorganisms’?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoa
These are microorganisms capable of causing disease.
What is ‘bacteremia’?
Presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteremia can lead to serious infections if not treated promptly.
What does ‘nosocomial’ mean?
Relating to a disease acquired in a hospital.
Nosocomial infections are a significant concern in healthcare settings.
What does ‘idiopathic’ refer to?
A disease with an unknown cause.
Idiopathic conditions present challenges in treatment and management.
Define ‘neoplasm’
Any new abnormal growth.
Neoplasms can be benign or malignant.
What is the term for inflammation of the skin?
-itis
This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology to denote inflammation.
What does ‘malignant’ mean?
Tending to become worse, spread, and possibly cause death.
Malignant conditions require aggressive treatment.
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
- Benign: Does not spread or invade surrounding tissue
- Malignant: Tends to spread and invade surrounding tissue
Understanding the nature of tumors is critical in cancer treatment.
Fill in the blank: The term for a disease caused by a virus is _______
viral infection
Viral infections can affect various systems in the body.
What does the prefix ‘micro-‘ signify?
Small
This prefix is commonly used in microbiology.
What is the definition of ‘toxicemia’?
Presence of toxins in the blood.
Toxicemia can result from various sources, including infections.
What does ‘bacteriostatic’ mean?
Inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Bacteriostatic agents are used in treating bacterial infections.
What does the suffix ‘-opathy’ mean?
Condition of disease.
This suffix is often used in medical terminology to describe various diseases.
What does ‘sepsis’ mean?
A life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to infection.
Sepsis requires immediate medical intervention.
What does ‘antiseptic’ refer to?
Substances that prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Antiseptics are commonly used in wound care.
What is the term for an infection caused by a parasite?
Parasitic infection
Parasitic infections can lead to various health issues, depending on the type of parasite.
Fill in the blank: The medical term for a stone is _______
lith
Lithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the body.
What does ‘-phobia’ signify in medical terminology?
Irrational fear.
Phobias can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
What does the prefix ‘path(o)-‘ refer to?
Disease
This prefix is essential in understanding medical conditions.
What is ‘dermatomycosis’?
A fungal infection of the skin.
Dermatophyte infections are common types of dermatomycosis.
Define ‘viremia’
Presence of viruses in the blood.
Viremia can lead to widespread infection in the body.
What does ‘autoimmunity’ mean?
The immune system attacking the body’s own tissues.
Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems.
What is the role of ‘antibiotics’?
To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
What does ‘contagious’ mean?
Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.
Contagious diseases require careful management to prevent outbreaks.
What does the combining form phag(o) mean?
eat, ingest
Related suffixes include -phagia, -phagic, and -phagy (eating, swallowing)
What does the combining form plas(o) refer to?
formation or development
Related suffix is -plasia
What does the combining form scler(o) indicate?
hard
Related suffix is -sclerosis (hardening)
What does the suffix -algia signify?
pain
What does the suffix -ectasia refer to?
dilation (dilatation)
What does the suffix -edema mean?
swelling
Which combining forms refer to colors? List them.
- alb(o), albino(o), leuk(o), leuc(o) - white
- chlor(o) - green
- cyan(o) - blue
- erythr(o) - red
- melan(o) - black
- xanth(o) - yellow
What is the meaning of the term albinism?
A genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes
What does the term cyanosis refer to?
A bluish discoloration of the skin due to insufficient oxygen
What does the suffix -megaly indicate?
enlargement
What is the meaning of the term metastasis?
The movement of cells from their primary location
What does the suffix -rrhage signify?
hemorrhage
What does the suffix -rrhea mean?
flow or discharge
Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to the process of visual examination.
scopy
What does the combining form scop(o) mean?
to examine, to view
What are the three vital signs measured during a physical examination?
- Respirations
- Pulse
- Body temperature
List the techniques of physical examination.
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
What is the purpose of a biopsy?
Examination of tissue from a living body
What is the purpose of an autopsy?
Study of organs and tissues of a dead body
What does the term lymphedema refer to?
Swelling due to lymph fluid accumulation
What does the suffix -ectomy mean?
excision (surgical removal)
Which suffix means ‘surgical puncture to remove fluid’?
-centesis
What does the term rhinoplasty refer to?
Surgical repair of the nose
Which term refers to the formation of an opening?
-stomy
What does the combining form electro- refer to?
electricity
What does the combining form chem(o) indicate?
chemical
What is the meaning of the term electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A record of the electrical activity of the heart
What does the term sonography refer to?
Ultrasound imaging
What does the combining form narc(o) refer to?
stupor
What does the suffix -therapy signify?
treatment
What does the combining form toxic(o) mean?
poison
What does the term fluoroscopy refer to?
Real-time imaging using fluoroscopy
What does the term computed tomography (CT) refer to?
A diagnostic imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the body
What is the meaning of the term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
A medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of organs and tissues
What does the suffix ‘-tomy’ mean?
Incision
This term is often used in surgical contexts.
What does the suffix ‘-tripsy’ indicate?
Surgical crushing
This term typically refers to the process of breaking down stones or similar structures.
What is a colonoscope?
A medical instrument used to examine the colon
This device is essential in procedures like colonoscopy.
What is blepharoplasty?
Surgical repair of the eyelids
This procedure is commonly performed for cosmetic or functional reasons.
What instrument is referred to as an osteotome?
A surgical instrument used to cut bone
Osteotomes are essential in orthopedic surgeries.
What does the term ‘angioplasty’ mean?
Plastic surgery on vessels
This procedure is often used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels.
What is the definition of pharmacotherapy?
Treatment of diseases with medicine (drugs)
Pharmacotherapy is a critical aspect of modern medicine.
What is the meaning of ‘OTC drugs’?
Obtained without prescription
These are over-the-counter medications available to the public.
What does ‘NPO’ stand for in medical terms?
Nil per os
This indicates that a patient should not take anything by mouth.
What does the abbreviation ‘b.i.d.’ mean?
Bis in die (twice a day)
This is a common instruction in medication dosing.
What does ‘MRSA’ stand for?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
What is the difference between ‘sign’ and ‘symptom’?
Sign is an objective finding; symptom is a subjective experience
Understanding this distinction is crucial for diagnosis.
Fill in the blank: A __________ is a surgical procedure to create an opening.
Stomy
This term is used in various surgical contexts, such as colostomy.
What does the suffix ‘-plasty’ refer to?
Surgical repair or reconstruction
Commonly used in procedures like rhinoplasty or mammoplasty.
What is the difference between iatrogenic and idiopathic conditions?
Iatrogenic is caused by medical treatment; idiopathic has no known cause
These terms are important in understanding patient diagnoses.
What does ‘stat.’ mean in medical terminology?
Immediately
This term is used to indicate urgency in medical orders.
