chapter 7 ID's

Question 1

Ashoka (PRES) (pg. 189)

Answer 1

Third ruler of the Mauryan empire. Converted to buddhism (made it “popular”)

Ashoka is significant because he kick started the popularity of the Buddhist religion

Question 2

Bhagavad-Gita (RSI) (pg. 190)

Answer 2

The most sacred text, written by a warrior and the god Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.

This sacred text is important becuase it influenced all indian PERSIA ideas henceforth

Question 3

Borobodur (IR) (pg. 201)

Answer 3

A massive stone monument, in the land of Java, ( goes up 10 storys) is a Buddhist story for the progressive stages of enlightenment.

this momument is important because it gives us insight into how truly important the wheel of life and the buddhist stages were.

Question 4

Buddha (563-483 B.C.E.) (RPSI) (pg. 185)

Answer 4

An Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position. After becoming “enlightened” (the meaning of Buddha)

This man is important because he started a religion that was able to spread PERSIAN ideas throughout Asia

Question 5

Funan (PERSIA) (pg. 198)

Answer 5

A complex society in Southeast Asia between the 1st and 6th centuries C.E. It was centered in the rich rice-growing region of southern Vietnam, and it controlled the passage of trade across the Malaysian isthmus.

This state is important because it had a heavy influence on PERSIAN ideas by being on major major trade routes

Question 6

Gupta Empire (320-550 C.E.) (PERSIA) (pg. 191)

Answer 6

Capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture.

The Gupta empire is significant because the military campaigns allowed for PERSIAN diffusion with different cultures in the sub-continent of india.

Question 7

Hinduism (RS) (pg. 186)

Answer 7

Wide variety of beliefs and gods. Has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices. It spread along the trade routes to Southeast Asia.

This religion is significant because it spread PERSIAN ideas and is still a major religion today.

Question 8

varna/jati (SR) (pg. 182)

Answer 8

Two categories of social identity.

Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.

Within the system of varna are many jati, regional groups of people who have a common occupational sphere, and who marry, eat, and generally interact with other members of their group.

THese groups are significant because they were the defining culartral things in Indian culture for a very very long time.

Question 9

karma (PERSIA) (pg. 182)

Answer 9

The residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a “spirit” and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle.

It is significant because it mad the lower class citizens respect their caste and those above it.

Question 10

Mahabharata (PERSIA) (pg. 190)

Answer 10

An epic, chronicling the events leading up to a battle between related kinship groups in early India. It includes the Bhagavad-Gita.

This epic is significant because it gives us a window into how the people thought. I also is significant because it held the most sacred text in Indian culture.

Question 11

Mahayana Buddhism (R) (pg. 186)

Answer 11

The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.

This branch of buddhism is important because it was the one that spread farther and more greatly allowing for the diffusion of different ideas in many different countries.

Question 12

Mauryan Empire (PERSIA) (pg. 189)

Answer 12

The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.

This important empire helped to unify and spread PERSIAN ideas throughout its reign.

Question 13

moksha (R) (pg. 184)

Answer 13

the spirit’s “liberation” from the endless cycle of rebirths.

This release from the cycle is important because it gave the people in the different castes something to live for and obey their rulers for, allowing for PERSIAN stability.

Question 14

monsoon (E) (pg. 180)

Answer 14

Seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling landmasses of Africa and Asia and the slowly changing ocean waters. (hurricanes)

These monsoons are important because they had an effect on the agriculture, causing economy to drop and leaders to start getting shady.

Question 15

Srivijaya (PERSIA) (pg. 199)

Answer 15

A state based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, Had control of the lucrative trade routes between India and China

This state is important because it had a heavy influence on PERSIAN ideas by being on major major trade routes

Question 16

Tamil kingdoms (PERSIA) (pg. 191)

Answer 16

The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north. They produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. Elements of Tamil religious beliefs were merged into the Hindu synthesis.

These kingdoms are significant because of their affect on the Hindu religion as well as their new PERSIAN ideas.

Question 17

theater-state (PESIA) (pg. 191)

Answer 17

Historians’ term for a state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies (as well as redistributing valuable resources) to attract and bind subjects to the center.

THis is important because it was a way to bring together PERSIAN ideas, as well as create a strong cultural center.

Question 18

Theravada Buddhism (R) (pg. 186)

Answer 18

Therevada remains close to the original principles set forth by the Buddha; it downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individual’s search for enlightenment.

This branch of buddhism is important because it gives new light to the religion and as well as keeping the most sacred traditions in tact.

Question 19

Vedas (IRA) (pg. 181)

Answer 19

Early Indian sacred “knowledge”—the literal meaning of the term—long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down.

These are significant because the religious texts, including the thousand poetic hymns to various deities contained in the Rig Veda, are our main source of information about the Vedic period