Chapter 5 ID's

Question 1

Cyrus (pg. 120) (PESR)

Answer 1

Founder of the Persian Empire. Used a benevolent way of ruling to keep his Empire large and powerful as well as inter married his family with Medes to create more peace. Called Cyrus the Great.

Created an Empire that was different and benevolent allowing for religion and political idea to flourish

When Emperors were benevolent they had less uprisings, and could expand and continue PERSIAN diffusion.

Question 2

Darius I (pg. 121) (PESR)

Answer 2

Third Ruler of the Persian Empire. Took the Medes off political power and replaced them with Persians. Began to construct Persepolis. Had major building achievements.

Created a capital that was his so he could control his empire and manage all the satraps from a centralish location.

Having a central location allowed for better control making it easier to facilitate PERSIAN ideas.

Question 3

satrap (pg.121) (PES)

Answer 3

The governor of a province. The farther away from the capital, the more king-like power you had.

Having trusted people at the provinces allowed for control in each area of the Empire.

Control of an empire meant PERSIAN diffusion.

Question 4

Persepolis (pg. 122) (PEIA)

Answer 4

A complex of palaces, reception halls and treasury buildings all built for the King. Pretty much HIS city. Many festivals and ceremonies were held there.

Having a centralized location allowed for PERSIAN stability and diffusion.

Whoever controlled major cities controlled PERSIAN power

Question 5

Zoroastrianism (pg. 124) (RS)

Answer 5

Became the official religion of the Achaemenids. Was a monotheistic religion supporting good morals and salvation. It had an evil being like the Devil, there were sins and lying as well as a hell.

Creating a religion and making it the official religion was a way to show PERSIAN power.

Having a monotheistic based on morals allowed for a peaceful empire with stability in the provinces.

Question 6

polis (pg.128) (PERSIA)

Answer 6

The Greek term for city-state.

Greece couldn’t just rely on agriculture alone, the little there was, so having a polis meant more revenue and PERSIAN ideas from other polis’

Having a polis and not just a city allowed for greater power and PERSIAN growth.

Question 7

hoplite (pg. 129) (S)

Answer 7

A militia made up of ruthless, armed farmers. THey were very effective.

Militia were more effective than actual militaries often creating political stability as well as a social hierarchy that was a mix of warrior elite and middle class farmers.

Smaller, but more effective, army was better for PERSIAN power.

Question 8

tyrant (pg. 130) (PES)

Answer 8

Someone who seizes and holds power in violation of normal procedures.

A different type of ruling which alllowed for new PERSIAN ides to be spread.

Question 9

democracy (pg. 130) (PES)

Answer 9

All “citizens” (free adult males) have equal political and legal rights, privileges and protections.

Democracy allowed for PERSIAN ideas to be heard by everyone.

Democracy meant PERSIAN power for all male citizens not just one king.

Question 10

sacrifice (pg. 130) (RS)

Answer 10

A gift given to a god or goddess hoping the god would provide some benefit in return.

Sacrfice allowed for better morale in a population because they believed they were pleasing the gods when they were doing this.

Whoever controlled sacrificial ceremony had PERSIAN power.

Question 11

Herodotus (pg. 132) (ISP)

Answer 11

One of the first ever historians. He collected histories of the Persian Wars effectively creating the idea of a written history, not orally.

Herodotus created the idea of writing down histories allowing for strategies and tactics to be remembered and learned by later civilizations.

Being able to write down history from your perspective gives you PERSIAN power.

Question 12

Pericles (pg. 133) (PESI)

Answer 12

The Aristocratic leader who guided his people into democracy for all free male citizens. Supervised the construction of the Acropolis.

Introducing a society to democracy allowed for many different PERSIAN perspectives to be seen and taken.

Democracy allowed for PERSIAN power of the people.

Question 13

Persian War (pg. 134) (PES)

Answer 13

A war between the Greek polis’ and the Persian Empire. Fist against Darius then against Xerxes. Greek won them both.

FIghting the persians allowed for PERSIAN power to be fought over and often reevaluated. (tactics and other stuff)

FIghting a war allows for PERSIAN diffusion. Ideas in military tech would be spread as well as other tactics.

Question 14

trireme (pg.135) (IA)

Answer 14

A warship that was fast, maneuverable and effective in defeating enemies.

Fast and easily maneuverable ships were vital in winning over PERSIAN power.

Having a good navy usually meant you had the upperhand in any PERSIAN power struggle.

Question 15

Socrates (pg. 136) (RIS)

Answer 15

Athenian Philosopher who developed a new way of thinking called the Socratic Method: which was a questioning and investigating method.Was put on trial, then executed.

The questioning method allowed for a new PERSIAN ideas to be developed in Athens by the young men.

New PERSIAN ideas meant power and knowledge.

Question 16

Peloponnesian War (pg. 137) (PESI)

Answer 16

A civil war between athens and sparta, in which sparta won because it was heavily backed by the Persians.

The civil war allowed for PERSIAN military tactics to be shared.

Civil wars, in general, are about different tactics and strategy making the winner have PERSIAN power.

Question 17

Alexander (pg. 140) (PSER)

Answer 17

Conquered the Persian Empire giving him the name Alexander the Great. He founded many greek style states, spreading ideas and culture all the way to the Indus Valley. He died in Babylon.

Expansion gave Alexander the great PERSIAN power in almost every aspect.

PERSIAN diffusion of ideas was the product of expasion.

Question 18

Hellenistic Age (pg. 140) (ISPERA)

Answer 18

In which, Greek Culture spread across Asia.

THe hellenistic age is significant because i was the diffusion of PERSIAN ideas

Expansion creates the diffusion ogg PERSIAN ideas.

Question 19

Ptolemies (pg. 141) (PESRIA)

Answer 19

The dynasty in Egypt that was started when Alexander died and his empire was split up by his generals. They ruled for 3 centuries and were for the most part extremely successful and effective in spreading greek ideas.

Adding a the Ptolemaic dynasty allowed for PERSIAN diffusion in the greek and macedonian ideas.

Introducing a new leader always bring new ideas, thinkers and other PERSIAN ideas.

Question 20

Alexandria (pg. 142) (PERSIA)

Answer 20

City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by alexander. Capital of Ptolemaic egypt, was the greatest city of its time. Became the new Athens.

A new intellectual city meant a whole new group of thinkers, the egyptian scholars, as well as an influx of immigration from those who want to study in the capital city.

Having a major city allows for PERSIAN power.