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Psychology 101 > Chapter 7 Human Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Human Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

xRetrieval Cues

A

A stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory

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2
Q

Procedural memory of LTM

A

For skills and habits

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3
Q

DECLARATIVE DIVIDED INTO (2 types)

A

Semantic memory + Episodic memory

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4
Q

Primacy effect

A

items earlier on list recalled better

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5
Q

How is information maintained in memory?

A

Storage

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6
Q

People are ______________ of their memories

A

overconfident

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7
Q

Levels of Processing

A

for verbal information, 3 progressively deeper levels of processing
which result in longer-lasting memory codes

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8
Q

what are the evidence of LTM?

A

Some people with brain damage – can recall long-term but not new information

Serial position effect

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9
Q

Structural Encoding

A

shallow processing emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus (e.g., capital or lowercase letters, length, number of words)

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10
Q

Which parts of the brain are involved in emotional memory

A

Amygdala

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11
Q

Chunking

A

memory trick that involves taking individual elements of a large list and grouping them together into elements with related meaning

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12
Q

Motivation to remember – (MTR)

A

if perceived to be important, people will exert more effort to organize information. More of an effect on recall at encoding than at retrieval.

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13
Q

Amnesia

A

Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties

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14
Q

Episodic memory (general memory)

A

For events that occur in a particular time, place, or context

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15
Q

Central executive processor

A

Involved in reasoning and decision making

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16
Q

How is information pulled back out of memory?

A

RETRIEVAL

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17
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

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18
Q

Self-Referent

A

(Enriching Encoding)
making material personally relevant

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19
Q

Retrieval Cues

A

Stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory

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20
Q

Episodic buffer

A

contains info that represents episodes and events

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21
Q

Declarative memory of LTM

A

For factual information

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22
Q

Enriching Encoding

A

Semantic encoding, visual Imagery, Self-Referent, Motivation to remember – (MTR)

23
Q

Role of Attention (encoding)

A

focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events…can’t pay attention to everything…need to be selective

24
Q

this memory is like a new file saved on a hard drive

A

Long-Term Memory

25
Q

Recency effect

A

items presented later on list recalled better

26
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Memory is lost for events that follow an injury

27
Q

Human Memory

A

the capacity to retain and retrieve information

28
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repetition of information that has entered short-term memory. Whether the transfer is made from short-term to long-term memory

29
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

30
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Memory is lost for events that follow an injury

31
Q

Phonemic Encoding

A

what a word sounds like

32
Q

Semantic Encoding

A

meaning of verbal input

33
Q

What are 3 types of memory stores

A

Sensory, Short-term, Long-term Memory

34
Q

autobiographical memory

A

the memories of significant personal events and experiences from an individual’s life

35
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

36
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event, but not for new events

37
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

38
Q

Recall

A

Specific piece of information must be retrieved

39
Q

Semantic networks

A

Mental representations of clusters of interconnected information

40
Q

Visual Imagery

A

(Enriching Encoding)
some words are easier to visualize (running) than others (truth)

41
Q

Mnemonics

A

Organizing information in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered

42
Q

which parts of the brain are involved in factual memory?

A

Hippocampus

43
Q

Serial position effect

A

LTM- Ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item appears

44
Q

Sensory memory

A

Initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant/ brief moment

45
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

A storehouse of almost unlimited capacity that we can retrieve when we need it

46
Q

Semantic encoding

A

enhanced through elaboration- linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding

47
Q

Hindsight bias

A

tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out

48
Q

Short-term memory

A

-Holds information for 15 to 25 seconds if it’s unrehearsed
-Repetitive Rehearsal needed
-If we are to make sense of it & retain it, it must be transferred to STM

49
Q

Recognition

A

Occurs when one is presented with a stimulus and asked whether he/she has been exposed to it previously, or is asked to identify it from a list of alternatives

50
Q

Set of temporary memory stores ____________

A

actively manipulate and rehearse information

51
Q

Semantic memory (personal Knowledge)

A

For general knowledge, facts about the world and rules of logic

52
Q

How does information get into memory?

A

(ENCODING)

53
Q

What are Sensory Memories

A

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

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