Chapter 12 Development Flashcards
who designed Cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
Embryo
Developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs
Genes Control the development of systems of the human species such as….
Heart, circulatory system, brain, lungs
Genes
Parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. Humans have some 25,000 different genes.
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operations
- Formal Operations
what are 3 Stages of Prenatal Development?
Germinal, Embryonic, and Fetal Period
Chromosomes
Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information
Placenta screens out ________
a # of infectious agents, but since immune system develops late, fetus is often defenseless against infections
Genes Determines ______ by a particular combination
child’s sex
Concrete Operational
7 yrs. to 12 yrs
Mental operations
applied to
concrete events;
mastery of
conservation,
hierarchical
classification
What did they do to Determine the Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture? (2 experiments)
- Genetically control laboratory animals and place them in varied environments
- Identical twins: Genetically identical with different environment
behavioral geneticists
Study the effects of heredity on behavior
Gene Shape the ________ that make each human ________
characteristics, unique
length of Embryonic period
(2) Entered by the developing individual, two weeks after conception
what happens in Germinal period?
-Many zygotes rejected (20% pregnancies end w/out woman knowing conception had occurred)
-Placenta formed (o2 and nutrients passes into fetus from mothers bloodstream)
length of Fetal period
2 months through birth -> rapid growth
Preoperational
2 yrs. to 7 yrs.
Development
of Symbolic
thought marked
by irreversibility, Centration, and egocentrism
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
1.5 years -3
-Develop independence and self-doubt
Psychosocial development (personality)
Development of individuals’ interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society
Intimacy vs. isolation
Period during early adulthood that focuses on developing close relationships
Zygote
New cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm
who came up with psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
Nature Vs. Nurture
Genetic (heredity) Vs. Environmental influences
Generativity vs. stagnation
Period in middle adulthood during which we take stock of our contributions to family and society
what are Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development stages IN ORDER? * 8 stages
- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
- Identity vs. role-confusion
- Intimacy vs. isolation
- Generativity vs. stagnation
- Ego-integrity vs. despair
One cell entity (zygote)= ____ choromosomes
23 pairs
Teratogens
Environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect
Sensorimotor
birth to 2 yrs (Attachment – Harlow)
Coordination
of sensory input
and motor
responses;
development
of object
permanence
Ego-integrity vs. despair
period from late adulthood until death during which we review life’s accomplishments and failures
Human genome project (2001)
scientists mapped the specific location and sequence of every human gene
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
1.5 years -3
-Develop independence and selfdoubt
benefits of revolutionized health care?
- Identification of risk factors in children
- Development of new treatments for physical and psychological disorders
Developmental Psychology
Study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life
Life Span into 8 stages…each stage includes a _________________
psychosocial crisis
Industry vs. Inferiority
school age (6 – puberty)
-Develop positive social interactions
In Embryo, _______ are clearly recognizable
Organs
In Habituation,
Visual abilities grow rapidly after birth
Distinguishing different sounds (recognizes mothers voice age of 3days!)
Distinguishing taste and smell
A child inherits an X chromosome from its _______ and EITHER an X or Y chromosome from its ________
mother, father
Revolutionized health care because…..
Scientists identified the particular genes responsible for genetically caused disorders
Trust vs. Mistrust
-infancy (0-1.5 years)
-Develop feelings of trust or lack of trust
what happens in Embryonic period?
EMBRYO
-grows 10,000 x larger by 4 weeks
-Most of vital organs & bodily systems begin to form= beginning to look like human
*****MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur during this time.
what Behaviorists thought about attachement?
mother associated with food & thus a conditioned reinforce
how cognitive development started?
Piaget interested in intelligence in children, but WHY they got the wrong answer & how they use their intelligence.
Habituation
Decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus
Identity vs. role-confusion
Time in the adolescence of major testing to determine one’s unique qualities
Identity- Distinguishing character of the individual:
(Who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of)
Initiative vs. Guilt
preschool years (3-6 years)
-Experiences conflict between independence of action and negative results of that action
Attachment
Positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual
length of germinal period
(1) First 2 weeks (zygote)
what are genes composed of?
sequence of DNA
One member of each pair is from ________ and other is from ______
mother, father
which period does MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur?
Embryonic period
Formal Operations
12 yrs +
Mental operations
applied to
abstract ideas;
logical, systematic
thinking
what is the result of the Harlow’s study on attachment
monkeys preferred surrogate mothers covered in terry cloth when frightened even if they were fed by a wire surrogate…questioned behaviorism
what happens in Fetal period?
FETUS
-Fetus capable of physical movements
-Sense of hearing is functional around 20-24 wks
-Brain cells grow rapidly during final 3mos
-Between 23-26wks fetus reaches threshold of viability age at which baby can survive a premature birth
