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Psychology 101 > Chapter 12 Development > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Development Flashcards

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1
Q

who designed Cognitive development?

A

Jean Piaget

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2
Q

Embryo

A

Developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs

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3
Q

Genes Control the development of systems of the human species such as….

A

Heart, circulatory system, brain, lungs

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4
Q

Genes

A

Parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. Humans have some 25,000 different genes.

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5
Q

4 Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operations
  4. Formal Operations
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6
Q

what are 3 Stages of Prenatal Development?

A

Germinal, Embryonic, and Fetal Period

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7
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information

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8
Q

Placenta screens out ________

A

a # of infectious agents, but since immune system develops late, fetus is often defenseless against infections

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9
Q

Genes Determines ______ by a particular combination

A

child’s sex

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10
Q

Concrete 
Operational


A

7 yrs. to 12 yrs
Mental operations 
applied to 
concrete events; 
mastery of 
conservation,
 hierarchical
 classification

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11
Q

What did they do to Determine the Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture? (2 experiments)

A
  1. Genetically control laboratory animals and place them in varied environments
  2. Identical twins: Genetically identical with different environment
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12
Q

behavioral geneticists

A

Study the effects of heredity on behavior

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13
Q

Gene Shape the ________ that make each human ________

A

characteristics, unique

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14
Q

length of Embryonic period

A

(2) Entered by the developing individual, two weeks after conception

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15
Q

what happens in Germinal period?

A

-Many zygotes rejected (20% pregnancies end w/out woman knowing conception had occurred)

-Placenta formed (o2 and nutrients passes into fetus from mothers bloodstream)

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16
Q

length of Fetal period

A

2 months through birth -> rapid growth

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17
Q

Preoperational

A

2 yrs. to 7 yrs.
Development 
of Symbolic 
thought marked
 by irreversibility, Centration, and egocentrism

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18
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

A

1.5 years -3
-Develop independence and self-doubt

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19
Q

Psychosocial development (personality)

A

Development of individuals’ interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society

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20
Q

Intimacy vs. isolation

A

Period during early adulthood that focuses on developing close relationships

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21
Q

Zygote

A

New cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm

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22
Q

who came up with psychosocial development?

A

Erik
 Erikson

23
Q

Nature Vs. Nurture

A

Genetic (heredity) Vs. Environmental influences

24
Q

Generativity vs. stagnation

A

Period in middle adulthood during which we take stock of our contributions to family and society

25
Q

what are Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development stages IN ORDER? * 8 stages

A
  1. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
  2. Initiative vs. Guilt
  3. Industry vs. Inferiority
  4. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
  5. Identity vs. role-confusion
  6. Intimacy vs. isolation
  7. Generativity vs. stagnation
  8. Ego-integrity vs. despair
26
Q

One cell entity (zygote)= ____ choromosomes

A

23 pairs

27
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect

28
Q

Sensorimotor

A

birth to 2 yrs (Attachment – Harlow)
Coordination 
of sensory input 
and motor 
responses; 
development 
of object 
permanence

29
Q

Ego-integrity vs. despair

A

period from late adulthood until death during which we review life’s accomplishments and failures

30
Q

Human genome project (2001)

A

scientists mapped the specific location and sequence of every human gene

31
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

A

1.5 years -3
-Develop independence and selfdoubt

32
Q

benefits of revolutionized health care?

A
  1. Identification of risk factors in children
  2. Development of new treatments for physical and psychological disorders
33
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

34
Q

Life Span into 8 stages…each stage includes a _________________

A

psychosocial crisis

35
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A

school age (6 – puberty)
-Develop positive social interactions

36
Q

In Embryo, _______ are clearly recognizable

A

Organs

37
Q

In Habituation,

A

Visual abilities grow rapidly after birth
Distinguishing different sounds (recognizes mothers voice age of 3days!)
Distinguishing taste and smell

38
Q

A child inherits an X chromosome from its _______ and EITHER an X or Y chromosome from its ________

A

mother, father

39
Q

Revolutionized health care because…..

A

Scientists identified the particular genes responsible for genetically caused disorders

40
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

-infancy (0-1.5 years)
-Develop feelings of trust or lack of trust

41
Q

what happens in Embryonic period?

A

EMBRYO
-grows 10,000 x larger by 4 weeks
-Most of vital organs & bodily systems begin to form= beginning to look like human
*****MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur during this time.

42
Q

what Behaviorists thought about attachement?

A

mother associated with food & thus a conditioned reinforce

43
Q

how cognitive development started?

A

Piaget interested in intelligence in children, but WHY they got the wrong answer & how they use their intelligence.

44
Q

Habituation

A

Decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus

45
Q

Identity vs. role-confusion

A

Time in the adolescence of major testing to determine one’s unique qualities
Identity- Distinguishing character of the individual:
(Who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of)

46
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A

preschool years (3-6 years)
-Experiences conflict between independence of action and negative results of that action

47
Q

Attachment

A

Positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual

48
Q

length of germinal period

A

(1) First 2 weeks (zygote)

49
Q

what are genes composed of?

A

sequence of DNA

50
Q

One member of each pair is from ________ and other is from ______

A

mother, father

51
Q

which period does MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur?

A

Embryonic period

52
Q

Formal Operations

A

12 yrs +
Mental operations
applied to 
abstract ideas; 
logical, systematic 
thinking

53
Q

what is the result of the Harlow’s study on attachment

A

monkeys preferred surrogate mothers covered in terry cloth when frightened even if they were fed by a wire surrogate…questioned behaviorism

54
Q

what happens in Fetal period?

A

FETUS
-Fetus capable of physical movements
-Sense of hearing is functional around 20-24 wks
-Brain cells grow rapidly during final 3mos
-Between 23-26wks fetus reaches threshold of viability age at which baby can survive a premature birth

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

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