Chapter 6 Learning Flashcards
Positive Reinforcement
Add something (rewards) to increase behavior
Conditioned Response (CR)
Salivation to Bell
Who designed Classical conditioning?
Pavlov- Russian Physiologist
Neutral Stimulus
Bell -> no response
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
classical conditioning -associates involuntary behavior
operant conditioning- associates voluntary action with a consequence
Fixed-Ratio (FR)
-Lower resistance
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after action is completed a fixed amount of times
ex. getting money for each test u getting an A
Secondary Reinforcers
events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers (e.g., grades, money, applause)
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Variable-interval (VI)
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Variable-Ratio (VR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
FOOD
with Unconditioned Response = Salivation
Who came up with Observational Learning (AKA Modeling)
Bandura
Positive Punishment
add something don’t like to decrease the behavior
Variable-ratio (VR)
-Higher resistance
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after action is completed a fixed amount of times
ex. gambling
Continuous reinforcement of operant conditioning
occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced…good for starting a new response
Primary Reinforcers
events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs (e.g., food, water, sex)
Negative Reinforcement
Take away/ remove something u do not want to increase the behavior
Observational Learning (AKA Modeling)
both classical and operant conditioning can take place “vicariously” through observational learning
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Fixed-interval (FI)
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Fixed-Ratio (FR)
Negative Punishment
Remove something they like to decrease behavior
Learning
ANY relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Salivation to food
Fixed Interval (FI)
-Lower resistance
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after a fixed pd. of time if action is completed
ex.Black Friday
Variable-interval (VI)
-Higher resistance
to extinction
-Reinforcement given after varying period of time if action is completed
What was the bobo dolls experiment?
Observational Learning;
a team of researchers who physically and verbally abused an inflatable doll in front of preschool-age children, which led the children to later mimic the behavior of the adults by attacking the doll in the same fashion.
What is Classical Conditioning?
type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
BELL
with Conditioned response= Salivation to Bell
Who designed Operant Conditioning?
Thorndike and Skinner
