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HHP > Chapter 7 Hormones and Co-ordination > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Hormones and Co-ordination Flashcards

1
Q

what does the nervous system and hormones do

A

they enable the body to respond to external changes and to control the internal environment

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2
Q

why does blood play a central role in homeostasis

A

it transports materials and distributes heat

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3
Q

what are reflex actions

A

they are rapid automatic responses to stimuli

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4
Q

how does a voluntary action start

A

it starts from impulses from the brain

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5
Q

what is the brain a centre for

A

the brain is a centre for co-ordination with the ability to learn and remember

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6
Q

what are the benefits of reflex actions

A

moving a hand away from a heat source, pupil constricting in bright light

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7
Q

what is the difference between reflex actions and voluntary actions

A

voluntary actions is where your brain thinks about what you want to do, whereas reflex reactions happen automatically to protect the body from danger

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8
Q

analyse a reflex action

A

stimulus - sensory neurone - CNS - motor neurone - effector - response

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9
Q

what is a synapse

A

tiny gaps between the neurones where the electrical impulse stimulates the production of a chemical which diffuses across the gap

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10
Q

what is the role of the cornea

A

transparent and bens light rays towards the lens

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11
Q

lens

A

can change shape to focus light on to the retina

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12
Q

ciliary muscles

A

changes the thickness of the lens when focusing

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13
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

holds the lens in place

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14
Q

iris

A

changes size of pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye

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15
Q

how is long sight corrected

A

converging

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16
Q

how is short sight corrected

A

diverging

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17
Q

what is a optometrists

A

they are scientists who evaluate the ability of the eye to detect light, they can also detect other health problems by observing changes in the eye and testing pressures in the eye

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18
Q

type of light in the workplace

A

reduce accidents, increase productivity
blue enriched light improves alertness and mood
but too much light can damage eyes

19
Q

what are the benefits of corneal transplant

A

it replaces the damaged layer of cells therefore light can pass onto the retina

20
Q

how do you recongnise reinopathy

A

this is when blood vessels in the retina are damaged, this is the result of high blood sugar with someone of diabetes and pressure
they can test this by puffing air into the eye to help diagnose this

21
Q

how do you recongnise alzhimers

A

you can identify a protein in the eye which is usually found in the brian

22
Q

what is the range of frequency audible of the human ear

A

20-20000 hz

23
Q

what are hormones

A

hormones are chemicals released by ductless glands into the blood which may affect a target organ or the whole body

24
Q

what is the role of the growth hormone

A

stimulates growth and cell reproduction

25
Q

what is the role of the thyroxin

A

controls the metabolic rate

26
Q

what is the role of insulin

A

causes the liver to absorb glucose and covert is to glycogen when blood sugar levels are high

27
Q

what is the role glucagon

A

causes the liver to change glycogen to glucose when blood sugar levels are low

28
Q

what is the role of adrenaline

A

increases blood sugar heart rate and breathing rate

29
Q

what is the role of oestrogen

A

controls female sexual development

30
Q

what is the role of testosterone

A

controls development of male sexual characteristics

31
Q

what are endocrinologists

A

these are scientists who investigate the effect of hormones on the body functioning

32
Q

what are the endocrine glands stimulated by

A

chemical changes in the blood

33
Q

describe how ADH works

A

ADH increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys when the hypothalamus detects that the blood water content is too low

34
Q

how is blood sugar detected

A

beta cells in the islets have receptors to detect high concentrations of glucose - then insulin is released by the islet cells, when there is a fall in glucose concentration then the beta cells are no longer stimulated and they stop producing insulin.
alpha cells in the islet result in glucoagon secretion ….

35
Q

what are the advantages of adrenalin during times of stress

A

more oxygen and glucose reaches muscles for aerobic respiration
therefore more energy released

36
Q

the methods of banting and best

A

they extracted insulin
Banting realised that digestive juices in the pancreas destroying the hormone
they decided to tie off the pancreatic duct in healthy dogs, this meant that the cells producing the digestive juices died and the cells that were left the Islet were removed and extracted in to diabetic dogs which healed the dogs

37
Q

the modern methods of treating diabetes

A

type 1 - pancreas stops producing inuslin, treated with a healthy diet and insulin injections
type 2 - develops gradually and the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the liver and other cells become too insulin resistant - weight control, diet and physical activity, then injections

38
Q

why cant insulin be given in tablet form

A

because its a protein and would be digested

39
Q

how is body temperature monitored and controlled

A

by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain which sends nerve impulses to the organs which need to act

40
Q

how does the thermoregulatory centre measure temperature

A

measures the temperature of blood flowing through the brain

and measures the skin temperature - skin receptors

41
Q

what does sweating do

A

sweating cools the body, more water is lost when it is hot and has to be consumed

42
Q

if sweating increases

A

loss of water in urine decreases

43
Q

where is the thermoregulatory centre

A

it is in the hypothalamus

HHP (13 decks)

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