Chapter 2 nutrients Flashcards
what are dieticians
these are health scientists who are able to advise about variations in diet to control normal growth and health problems
when is a person malnourished
when there diet is not balanced
this may lead to them becoming too fat o too thin and also could lead to deficiency diseases
why might dietary requirements change
growth
pregnancy
amount of physical exercise
disorders like diabetes
what do human cells need
they need a wide range of nutrients for healthy growth and development
what are the components of a balanced diet
carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, mineral salts, water and fibre
what are the sources of carbonhydrates proteins fats fat soluble vitamin d and a water soluble vitamin c mineral ions
sugars, sweets, milk, potatoes meat and fish butter, oil and lard oily dish milk and eggs cheese oily fish eggs and liver oranges, kiwi fruit, peppers, Brussel sprouts, broccoli liver, salt, meat
what is the fuction of carbohydrates
coverted to glucose, used in respiration to release energy, surplus sugar is converted to glycogen and stored
what is the function of protein
repairing body tissues, growth of cells, used to make human protein
what is the function of fats
energy store, making cell memebranes, covering organs, essential fatty acids
what is the function of vitamin d
helps absorb calcium,
what is the function of vitamin c
healthy immune system, helps wounds heal, helps absorb iron, maintains connective tissue
whit is the function of vitamin a
helath of skin, immune system, vision in dim light
what is the function of calcium
muscle contraction, stregnthing bones and teeth, blood clotting
what is the function of iron
haemoglobin, cell reactions
what is the function of sodium chloride
keep fluid balance
what is the function of fibre
prevent constipation
what is the function of water
medium for chemical reactions, transporting, removing excretory, cool the body down
too little calcium
poor blood cloting, softer bones and teeth
too little iron
less haemoglobin produced therefore less oxygen carried around cells, less respiration, less energy released, personbb is tried - anaemia
too much salt
high blood pressure - heart disease - heart attack
too much sugar
obesity - diabetes
benefits of omega 3 and 6
protect the heaert and decreases heart disease
how do you test for sugar
boil with benedicts reagent - clear blue to cloudy orange
how do you test for starch
iodine in potassium iodide - brown to dark blue
how do you test for protein
biuret reagent - blue to lilac
how do you test for vitamin c
DCPIP - blue to colourless
energy content j/kg
volume of water x temp rise x 4.2/ weight of food
