Chapter 7: From DNA to Protein Flashcards
what is a genome?
a complete set of genetic information
what is the product of each gene in a genome?
usually a protein but sometimes an RNA
the study of the nucleotide sequences of microbes is called__________.
microbial genomics
what tasks must cells accomplish to multiply?
DNA replication & gene expression(transcription&translation)
what are the 3 types of RNA and what are their functions?
mRNA(carries info for a protein to be made), rRNA(forms part of the ribosome), tRNA(carries A.A. to the ribosome)
what controls level of protein synthesis?
cells
What replication is semi-conservative?
DNA
during replication, what is used as a template?
original DNA
how is RNA is made? explain.
Transcription: RNA polymerase synthesizes single stranded RNA
what is the process of decoding information in mRNA called?
Translation
in translation, what delivers the correct amino acid?
transfer RNAs(tRNAs)
how many nucleotides make 1 codon?
3
what will occur if a reading frame is incorrect?
will yield differently, likely nonfunctional protein
DNA polymerases can sometimes make “mistakes” adding, removing or changing a nucleotide when replicating the DNA. Assuming that the “mistake” happened in the reading frame of a protein coding gene, these outcome can be observed:
a) silent mutation
b) missense mutation
c) nonsense mutation
d) frameshift mutation
define the 3 types of outcomes that are possible due to base substitution
silent mutation:wild-type A.A.; missense mutation:different A.A.–protein may only partially function; nonsense mutation:specifies stop codon–yields shorter protein
