Chapter 14: Innate immune response Flashcards

1
Q

is the interior of the body(blood, muscles, bones& organs) generally sterile?

A

yes

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2
Q

what is innate immunity? what does it involve?

A

routine protection, involves pattern recognition

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3
Q

What are antigens?

A

substance that causes response

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4
Q

what do antibodies attach to, targeting for destruction?

A

antigens

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5
Q

a drawback of adaptive immunity is it can _______ host cells.

A

destroy

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6
Q

what are all exposed surfaces lined with?

A

epithelium

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7
Q

the outside of the body is lined with _________& the inside is lined with_______.

A

skin; mucous membranes

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8
Q

what are the 2 physical barriers of the outside of the skin that help protect against disease and infections?

A

dermis &epidermis

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9
Q

what breaks down glycan chains of peptidoglycan?

A

lysozyme

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10
Q

what uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize?

A

peroxidase enzymes

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11
Q

what do microbes need to reproduce?

A

iron

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12
Q

what binds iron?

A

Lactoferrin

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13
Q

what forms pores in microbial membranes?

A

defensins

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14
Q

What produces acid fermentation, lowering the pH?

A

Lactobacillus

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15
Q

where is clostridium difficile located?

A

intestine

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16
Q

where is the candida albicans located?

17
Q

out of the 3 main cells in immune system, what is most involved?

A

white blood cells

18
Q

what are the 3 main cells of the immune system?

A

RBC’s, WBC’s & platelets

19
Q

where are stem cells located?

A

in bonemarrow

20
Q

where are granuals located?

A

inside cells

21
Q

the binding of PAMPs to PRRs is the signal that a ________ invasion has occured.

22
Q

Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are anchored in membranes of _________ cells.

23
Q

where are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) found?

24
Q

Cytocines bind to appropriate receptor to induce what changes?

A

growth, differentiation, movement &cell death

25
what contain digestive enzymes?
lysosomes
26
what is phagocytosis related to?
complement system
27
In the complement system, what can recognize microbe surfaces?
proteins
28
what enhances Phagocytosis?
the complement system
29
what is the complement system activated by?
microbes & antibodies
30
where do anitbodies bind to in the complement system?
surface