Chapter 14: Innate immune response Flashcards
is the interior of the body(blood, muscles, bones& organs) generally sterile?
yes
what is innate immunity? what does it involve?
routine protection, involves pattern recognition
What are antigens?
substance that causes response
what do antibodies attach to, targeting for destruction?
antigens
a drawback of adaptive immunity is it can _______ host cells.
destroy
what are all exposed surfaces lined with?
epithelium
the outside of the body is lined with _________& the inside is lined with_______.
skin; mucous membranes
what are the 2 physical barriers of the outside of the skin that help protect against disease and infections?
dermis &epidermis
what breaks down glycan chains of peptidoglycan?
lysozyme
what uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize?
peroxidase enzymes
what do microbes need to reproduce?
iron
what binds iron?
Lactoferrin
what forms pores in microbial membranes?
defensins
What produces acid fermentation, lowering the pH?
Lactobacillus
where is clostridium difficile located?
intestine
where is the candida albicans located?
vagina
out of the 3 main cells in immune system, what is most involved?
white blood cells
what are the 3 main cells of the immune system?
RBC’s, WBC’s & platelets
where are stem cells located?
in bonemarrow
where are granuals located?
inside cells
the binding of PAMPs to PRRs is the signal that a ________ invasion has occured.
microbial
Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are anchored in membranes of _________ cells.
sentinel
where are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) found?
cytoplasm
Cytocines bind to appropriate receptor to induce what changes?
growth, differentiation, movement &cell death
what contain digestive enzymes?
lysosomes
what is phagocytosis related to?
complement system
In the complement system, what can recognize microbe surfaces?
proteins
what enhances Phagocytosis?
the complement system
what is the complement system activated by?
microbes & antibodies
where do anitbodies bind to in the complement system?
surface
