Chapter 14: Innate immune response

Question 1

is the interior of the body(blood, muscles, bones& organs) generally sterile?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

what is innate immunity? what does it involve?

Answer 2

routine protection, involves pattern recognition

Question 3

What are antigens?

Answer 3

substance that causes response

Question 4

what do antibodies attach to, targeting for destruction?

Answer 4

antigens

Question 5

a drawback of adaptive immunity is it can _______ host cells.

Answer 5

destroy

Question 6

what are all exposed surfaces lined with?

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

the outside of the body is lined with _________& the inside is lined with_______.

Answer 7

skin; mucous membranes

Question 8

what are the 2 physical barriers of the outside of the skin that help protect against disease and infections?

Answer 8

dermis &epidermis

Question 9

what breaks down glycan chains of peptidoglycan?

Answer 9

lysozyme

Question 10

what uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize?

Answer 10

peroxidase enzymes

Question 11

what do microbes need to reproduce?

Answer 11

iron

Question 12

what binds iron?

Answer 12

Lactoferrin

Question 13

what forms pores in microbial membranes?

Answer 13

defensins

Question 14

What produces acid fermentation, lowering the pH?

Answer 14

Lactobacillus

Question 15

where is clostridium difficile located?

Answer 15

intestine

Question 16

where is the candida albicans located?

Answer 16

vagina

Question 17

out of the 3 main cells in immune system, what is most involved?

Answer 17

white blood cells

Question 18

what are the 3 main cells of the immune system?

Answer 18

RBC’s, WBC’s & platelets

Question 19

where are stem cells located?

Answer 19

in bonemarrow

Question 20

where are granuals located?

Answer 20

inside cells

Question 21

the binding of PAMPs to PRRs is the signal that a ________ invasion has occured.

Answer 21

microbial

Question 22

Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are anchored in membranes of _________ cells.

Answer 22

sentinel

Question 23

where are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) found?

Answer 23

cytoplasm

Question 24

Cytocines bind to appropriate receptor to induce what changes?

Answer 24

growth, differentiation, movement &cell death

Question 25

what contain digestive enzymes?

Answer 25

lysosomes

Question 26

what is phagocytosis related to?

Answer 26

complement system

Question 27

In the complement system, what can recognize microbe surfaces?

Answer 27

proteins

Question 28

what enhances Phagocytosis?

Answer 28

the complement system

Question 29

what is the complement system activated by?

Answer 29

microbes & antibodies

Question 30

where do anitbodies bind to in the complement system?

Answer 30

surface