Chapter 6: Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the principles of Microbial Metabolism? what are their functions?

A

Catabolism(breaks down compounds to release energy–makes ATP) & Anabolism(synthesizes&assembles molecules into macromolecules–uses ATP)

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2
Q

What are the two types of energy? describe.

A

Potential(stored energy), Kinetic(energy of movement)

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3
Q

What are exergonic &endergonic reactions?

A

Exergonic(reactants have more free energy–energy released in reaction), endergonic(products have more free energy–reaction requires input of energy)

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4
Q

Is the change in free energy the same regardless of number of steps involved?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What lowers the activation energy point?

A

Catalysts

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6
Q

What speeds up reactions?

A

enzymes

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7
Q

What is an “active site”?

A

where substrate can be accommodated

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8
Q

What are the 3 processes that generate ATP?

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation &Photophosphorylation

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9
Q

Is O2 more electronegative than the others?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is an electron donor?

A

the energy source

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11
Q

what is always needed to accommodate the electrons?

A

electron acceptors

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12
Q

what are oxidation-reduction(redox reactions)

A

chemical reactions where electrons are transferred

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13
Q

oxidation

A

substance that loses electrons

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14
Q

reduction

A

substance that gains electrons

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15
Q

what is dehydrogenation

A

type of oxidation where hydrogen is transferred

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16
Q

what is a hydrogen atom?

A

proton & electron travelling together

17
Q

how do electrons travel from electron donors to electron acceptors?

A

in molecules called electron carriers

18
Q

what are the electron carriers?

A

NAD+/NADH+H; NADP+/NADPH; FAD/FADH2

19
Q

What is the most common carbon source used by cells?

20
Q

what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, transition step, TCA cycle & oxidative phosphorylation

21
Q

During glycolysis, what is glucose converted into?

A

molecules of pyruvic acid

22
Q

In the TCA cycle, what is pyruvic acid converted into?

23
Q

what reduces the reducing power?

A

transition step

24
Q

In the electron transport chain, where are the electrons from that are transported through a series of e- carriers?

25
what is the electron transport chain composed by?
membrane-embedded electron carriers
26
what does the electron transport chain create?
electrochemical gradient
27
how many protons can be transported for each NADH+H?
4
28
As 4 H+ pass through the ATPase, how many ATP are formed?
1
29
how many ATP per glucose does cellular respiration produce?
38
30
Fermentation starts with ______.
glycolysis
31
at the end of glycolysis, what is pyruvic acid converted into?
fermentation product
32
In fermentation, if cells cannot respire what will stop
glycolysis
33
What is anabolic pathways?
the breaking down of metabolism to make energy