Chapter 6: Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
what are the principles of Microbial Metabolism? what are their functions?
Catabolism(breaks down compounds to release energy–makes ATP) & Anabolism(synthesizes&assembles molecules into macromolecules–uses ATP)
What are the two types of energy? describe.
Potential(stored energy), Kinetic(energy of movement)
What are exergonic &endergonic reactions?
Exergonic(reactants have more free energy–energy released in reaction), endergonic(products have more free energy–reaction requires input of energy)
Is the change in free energy the same regardless of number of steps involved?
Yes
What lowers the activation energy point?
Catalysts
What speeds up reactions?
enzymes
What is an “active site”?
where substrate can be accommodated
What are the 3 processes that generate ATP?
Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation &Photophosphorylation
Is O2 more electronegative than the others?
Yes
What is an electron donor?
the energy source
what is always needed to accommodate the electrons?
electron acceptors
what are oxidation-reduction(redox reactions)
chemical reactions where electrons are transferred
oxidation
substance that loses electrons
reduction
substance that gains electrons
what is dehydrogenation
type of oxidation where hydrogen is transferred
what is a hydrogen atom?
proton & electron travelling together
how do electrons travel from electron donors to electron acceptors?
in molecules called electron carriers
what are the electron carriers?
NAD+/NADH+H; NADP+/NADPH; FAD/FADH2
What is the most common carbon source used by cells?
glucose
what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?
glycolysis, transition step, TCA cycle & oxidative phosphorylation
During glycolysis, what is glucose converted into?
molecules of pyruvic acid
In the TCA cycle, what is pyruvic acid converted into?
CO2
what reduces the reducing power?
transition step
In the electron transport chain, where are the electrons from that are transported through a series of e- carriers?
NADH+H
what is the electron transport chain composed by?
membrane-embedded electron carriers
what does the electron transport chain create?
electrochemical gradient
how many protons can be transported for each NADH+H?
4
As 4 H+ pass through the ATPase, how many ATP are formed?
1
how many ATP per glucose does cellular respiration produce?
38
Fermentation starts with ______.
glycolysis
at the end of glycolysis, what is pyruvic acid converted into?
fermentation product
In fermentation, if cells cannot respire what will stop
glycolysis
What is anabolic pathways?
the breaking down of metabolism to make energy
