Chapter 7 - Families of organic compounds Flashcards
Addition reaction
a reaction in which one molecule combines with another molecule to form a larger molecule
Alkane
hydrocarbon that contains only single carbon to carbon bonds
Alkene
hydrocarbon with at least one double carbon to carbon bond
Carbon chain
linear set of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon
Homologous series
series of hydrocarbons that have a similar chemical structure and chemical properties
Hydrocarbon
compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only
Organic compounds
compounds consisting of carbon atoms most commonly covalently bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus or oxygen atoms
Saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon possessing only single bonds between carbon atoms
Substitution reaction
one atom or group of atoms replacing a part of another molecule
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon possessing at least one double bond between carbon atoms
Alkyl group
a side-chain attached to the parent carbon chain, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Nomenclature
system developed in order to identify organic compounds
Parent chain
longest continuous chain of carbon-carbon bonds
Parent name
component of systematic name that refers to the length of the parent chain
Structural isomers
isomers that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged in a different spatial arrangement
Systematic name
standardised name used to identify organic compounds
Alcohol
organic compound that has a hydroxyl (–OH) group bonded to a carbon atom in the parent chain
Carboxylic acid
organic compound that contains a carboxyl functional group (–COOH)
Carboxyl group
functional group that has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group
Functional group
specific groups of atoms within a compound that affect the properties of the compound
Haloalkane
organic compound that has one or more halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in the carbon chain
Halogen
element in group 17 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine)
Hydroxyl group
functional group consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH)
Biomass
any organic material made of plant or animal matter
Crude oil
mixture of differently sized hydrocarbons found in underground deposits and used as a resource
Ecosystem
community of life forms interacting with their environment
Fossil fuel
hydrocarbon-containing material formed in the Earth’s crust from plant and animal remains
Non-renewable
unable to be naturally replenished
Organic chemical
any compound that contains carbon-carbon and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds
Petrochemical
derived from crude oil
Renewable
comes from sources that naturally renew themselves at a rate that allows them not to become depleted
Sustainable
can be produced at a rate that is greater than consumption without compromising future generations
Synthesise
produce a chemical through reaction with other compounds
Synthetic
produced artificially by humans using chemical reactions
Adhesivity
property of being sticky
Bioaccumulation
phenomenon of increasing contaminant concentration in an organism over time
Biomagnification
phenomenon of higher contaminant concentration in organisms higher in the food chain
Carcinogenic
having the potential to cause cancer
Food chain
a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food
Inertness
property of being unreactive
Inhalant
chemical whose vapours can be concentrated and breathed in to produce intoxication, contrary to its intended usage
Microbeads
manufactured microplastics less than 1 mm in length used in exfoliating products and toothpastes
Microplastics
polluting fragments of plastic less than 5 mm in length
Ozone layer
layer within stratosphere with high concentration of ozone (O3) that absorbs UV radiation
Solvent
substance that dissolves another substance
Stratosphere
layer of earth’s atmosphere 20–50 km above sea level
