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VCE Chemistry - Edrolo - Units 1 & 2 > Chapter 10 - Acid-base (proton transfer) reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Acid-base (proton transfer) reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid 

A

species that donates a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction

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2
Q

Acid-base reaction

A

chemical reaction where a proton, H+, is transferred between two chemical species

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3
Q

Alkali 

A

a base that is soluble in water and neutralises acids

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4
Q

Amphiprotic 

A

species that can either donate or accept a proton, H+

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5
Q

Base 

A

species that accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction and are a group of substances that neutralise acids

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6
Q

Brønsted-Lowry theory 

A

definition of an acid as a chemical species which donates a proton, H+, to a base

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7
Q

Corrosive 

A

a highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to tissue

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8
Q

Deprotonation

A

loss of a proton, H+, from an acid

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9
Q

Diprotic 

A

species that can donate up to two protons, H+, during ionisation

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10
Q

Hydronium ion

A

positively charged chemical species with molecular formula H3O+

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11
Q

Hydroxide ion 

A

negatively charged chemical species with molecular formula OH−

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12
Q

Ionisation

A

process by which a chemical species gains or loses an electron to gain an electric charge

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13
Q

Monoprotic 

A

species that can only donate one proton, H+, during ionisation

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14
Q

Neutralise

A

react with an acid or a base to produce water

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15
Q

Polyprotic

A

species that donates multiple protons, H+, during ionisation

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16
Q

Protonated water 

A

alternate name for the hydronium ion, H3O+

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17
Q

Strength

A

how readily an acid or base will donate or accept a proton, H+

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18
Q

Triprotic

A

species that can donate up to three protons, H+, during ionisation

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19
Q

Antacid

A

a weak base that is used to neutralise stomach acid

20
Q

Heartburn

A

a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the oesophagus

21
Q

Indigestion

A

pain or discomfort in the stomach

22
Q

Metal hydroxide

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt and water

23
Q

Metal carbonate

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

24
Q

Metal hydrogencarbonate

A

compound that neutralises acids to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

25
Q

Neutralisation reaction

A

a reaction between an acid and an alkali or base that forms a salt and water (and carbon dioxide when a metal carbonate is a reactant)

26
Q

Ulcer 

A

a break in the lining of an organ like the stomach

27
Q

Acidic solution

A

solution containing a greater concentration of hydronium ions than
hydroxide ions

28
Q

Autoionisation

A

process by which an atom or molecule spontaneously forms ions

29
Q

Basic solution

A

solution containing a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than hydronium ions

30
Q

Ionic product of water

A

Kw, expression of the concentration of ions present in water at 25 °C

31
Q

Neutral solution

A

solution containing an equal concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions

32
Q

pH 

A

measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution

33
Q

pH scale

A

pH values arranged on a logarithmic scale

34
Q

Commercial indicator

A

an artificially prepared indicator

35
Q

Indicator

A

a substance that changes colour to indicate a pH range

36
Q

Litmus paper

A

paper used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a substance

37
Q

Natural indicator

A

an indicator made from naturally sourced substances

38
Q

pH meter 

A

an instrument used to measure the pH of a substance

39
Q

Combustion

A

when a fuel reacts with oxygen (also called burning)

40
Q

Calcification 

A

a chemical process that forms calcium carbonate

41
Q

Decalcification 

A

a chemical process that breaks down calcium carbonate

42
Q

Carbonic acid

A

formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water

43
Q

Exoskeleton

A

the outer shell of a marine creature that is made of calcium carbonate

44
Q

Marine invertebrates

A

ocean and sea creatures that do not have a backbone

45
Q

Nitric acid

A

can be formed from a series of reactions in the atmosphere between nitrogen gas, oxygen gas and water

46
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

can be formed from a series of reactions in the atmosphere between sulfur, oxygen gas and water

VCE Chemistry - Edrolo - Units 1 & 2 (15 decks)

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