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MCB181 > Chapter 7 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Exam 2 Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

what is cellular respiration

A
  • breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

- release of energy to do work of cell

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2
Q

what are the stages in cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. acetyl co-a synthesis
  3. CAC
  4. oxidative phosphorylation/ETC
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3
Q

what are the substrates and products of glycolysis

A

substrates-glucose

products- ATP (2), pyruvate (2)

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4
Q

what are the substrates and products of acetyl co a synthesis

A

substrates- pyruvate (2), fatty acids, amino acids

products- acetyl co-A (2)

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5
Q

what are the substrates and products of CAC

A

substrates- acetyl Co-A (2)

products- (2) CO2, (2)ATP, NADH (6), FADH2 (2)

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6
Q

what are the substrates and products of ETC

A

substrates- NADH (10), FADH2 (2)

products- ATP (28) and one H2O

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7
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of electrons, decrease in electron density

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8
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of electrons, increase in electron density

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9
Q

what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

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10
Q

how many carbons are in a molecule of glucose

A

6

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11
Q

how many carbons are in one pyruvate molecule

A

3

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12
Q

how many pyruvate does glycolysis produce

A

2

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13
Q

what are the 3 phases of glycolysis

A
  1. 2 phosphate groups are added
  2. 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are produced
  3. 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 of NADH are produced
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14
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation

A
  • a phosphorylated organic molecule transfers a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP
  • occurs during glycolysis and CAC
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15
Q

what happens in acetyl coA synthesis

A

pyruvate is transported into mitochondrial matrix where it is converted into acetyl coA

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16
Q

what does ONE molecule of pyruvate produce

Study These Flashcards
A
  • one molecule of CO2
  • one molecule of NADH
  • one molecule of acetyl coA
17
Q

what happens in the CAC

Study These Flashcards
A
  • fuel molecules are completely oxidized
  • substrate level phosphorylation and reduction of electron carriers occur
  • 8 reactions, cycle because starting molecule, oxaloacetate is regenerated
18
Q

what does the CAC result in

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 2 ATP
  • 6 NADH
  • 2 FADH2
19
Q

how many carbons does oxaloacetate have

20
Q

how many carbons does citrate have

21
Q

what happens in the ETC

Study These Flashcards
A
  • located in mitochondrial inner membrane
  • high energy electrons go into chain, they are transported by NADH and FADH2
  • NADH and FADH2 get reduced
  • the complexes in ETC are integral membrane proteins embedded within inner mitochondrial membrane
22
Q

what route does an electron take in the ETC from NADH

Study These Flashcards
A

complex 1 -> CO Q -> Complex 3 -> cytochrome C

-> complex 4 -> O2

23
Q

what route does an electron take in the ETC from FADH2

Study These Flashcards
A

complex 2 -> CO Q -> complex 3 -> cytochrome C -> Complex 4 -> O2

24
Q

what is the difference in electrons in NADH and FADH2

Study These Flashcards
A

electrons in NADH are at a higher energy state than electrons in FADH2. more PE in NADH

25
what happens in complex 1
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, NADH drops off electrons that power protons to be pumped from matriculates to intermembrane space
26
what happens in complex 2
FADH2 is oxidized to FADH. the energy is insufficient to pump a proton across membrane
27
what electron carrier makes more ATP
NADH
28
what have electrochemical gradients
the ETC and secondary active transport
29
what does complex 4 do
can pump protons into intermembrane. pumps 3 protons every time NADH pumps into comp 1
30
what does ATP synthase do
it flips providing KE to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP
31
what happens in the F1 subunit of ATP synthase
catalytic subunit, job it to take free phosphate and attach it to ADP to make ATP
32
what happens in the F0 subunit in ATP synthase
forms a channel that rotates as protons pass through it
33
what happens when there is no O2 for the ETC
lactic acid and ethanol are made
34
what happens to PFK-1 when ATP levels are low
it is activated, allowing glycolysis to continue
35
what happens to PFK-1 when ATP levels are high
it is inhibited and glycolysis slows
36
what does PFK-1 do
catalyzes step 3 in glycolysis and allosterically regualted
37
what happens when there is a high concentration of acetyl coA in glycolysis
it will reduce the activity of PFK-1

MCB181 (20 decks)

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