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MCB181 > Chapter 7 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is cellular respiration

A
  • breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

- release of energy to do work of cell

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2
Q

what are the stages in cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. acetyl co-a synthesis
  3. CAC
  4. oxidative phosphorylation/ETC
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3
Q

what are the substrates and products of glycolysis

A

substrates-glucose

products- ATP (2), pyruvate (2)

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4
Q

what are the substrates and products of acetyl co a synthesis

A

substrates- pyruvate (2), fatty acids, amino acids

products- acetyl co-A (2)

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5
Q

what are the substrates and products of CAC

A

substrates- acetyl Co-A (2)

products- (2) CO2, (2)ATP, NADH (6), FADH2 (2)

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6
Q

what are the substrates and products of ETC

A

substrates- NADH (10), FADH2 (2)

products- ATP (28) and one H2O

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7
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of electrons, decrease in electron density

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8
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of electrons, increase in electron density

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9
Q

what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

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10
Q

how many carbons are in a molecule of glucose

A

6

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11
Q

how many carbons are in one pyruvate molecule

A

3

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12
Q

how many pyruvate does glycolysis produce

A

2

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13
Q

what are the 3 phases of glycolysis

A
  1. 2 phosphate groups are added
  2. 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are produced
  3. 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 of NADH are produced
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14
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation

A
  • a phosphorylated organic molecule transfers a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP
  • occurs during glycolysis and CAC
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15
Q

what happens in acetyl coA synthesis

A

pyruvate is transported into mitochondrial matrix where it is converted into acetyl coA

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16
Q

what does ONE molecule of pyruvate produce

A
  • one molecule of CO2
  • one molecule of NADH
  • one molecule of acetyl coA
17
Q

what happens in the CAC

A
  • fuel molecules are completely oxidized
  • substrate level phosphorylation and reduction of electron carriers occur
  • 8 reactions, cycle because starting molecule, oxaloacetate is regenerated
18
Q

what does the CAC result in

A
  • 2 ATP
  • 6 NADH
  • 2 FADH2
19
Q

how many carbons does oxaloacetate have

A

4 carbons

20
Q

how many carbons does citrate have

A

6 carbons

21
Q

what happens in the ETC

A
  • located in mitochondrial inner membrane
  • high energy electrons go into chain, they are transported by NADH and FADH2
  • NADH and FADH2 get reduced
  • the complexes in ETC are integral membrane proteins embedded within inner mitochondrial membrane
22
Q

what route does an electron take in the ETC from NADH

A

complex 1 -> CO Q -> Complex 3 -> cytochrome C

-> complex 4 -> O2

23
Q

what route does an electron take in the ETC from FADH2

A

complex 2 -> CO Q -> complex 3 -> cytochrome C -> Complex 4 -> O2

24
Q

what is the difference in electrons in NADH and FADH2

A

electrons in NADH are at a higher energy state than electrons in FADH2. more PE in NADH

25
Q

what happens in complex 1

A

NADH is oxidized to NAD+, NADH drops off electrons that power protons to be pumped from matriculates to intermembrane space

26
Q

what happens in complex 2

A

FADH2 is oxidized to FADH. the energy is insufficient to pump a proton across membrane

27
Q

what electron carrier makes more ATP

A

NADH

28
Q

what have electrochemical gradients

A

the ETC and secondary active transport

29
Q

what does complex 4 do

A

can pump protons into intermembrane. pumps 3 protons every time NADH pumps into comp 1

30
Q

what does ATP synthase do

A

it flips providing KE to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP

31
Q

what happens in the F1 subunit of ATP synthase

A

catalytic subunit, job it to take free phosphate and attach it to ADP to make ATP

32
Q

what happens in the F0 subunit in ATP synthase

A

forms a channel that rotates as protons pass through it

33
Q

what happens when there is no O2 for the ETC

A

lactic acid and ethanol are made

34
Q

what happens to PFK-1 when ATP levels are low

A

it is activated, allowing glycolysis to continue

35
Q

what happens to PFK-1 when ATP levels are high

A

it is inhibited and glycolysis slows

36
Q

what does PFK-1 do

A

catalyzes step 3 in glycolysis and allosterically regualted

37
Q

what happens when there is a high concentration of acetyl coA in glycolysis

A

it will reduce the activity of PFK-1

MCB181 (20 decks)

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