Chapter 7 Exam Flashcards
This deck is meant to help Mr. Rucker's students on the Chapter 7 test, especially 4th period. It is created from his term list. The cards have what I think might come up on the test, but I recommend making your own flashcards and using these simply as a guide to better learn the material.
Barbary Pirates
Pirates found by Tripoli (North Africa) that would demand tribute for safe passage through their waters. If the tribute was not payed they would attack ships and kidnap the crew. This practice would lead to the Barbary War.
Tribute
Protection money. The Barbary pirates demanded tribute for ships to pass through their waters. In 1800 tribute accounted for a fifth of the United States budget, but in 1801 the US decided to take action. Marines were sent to Tripoli to deal with the demand for a bribe. This event is immortalized in the Marines Hymn, “To the shores of Tripoli”. The conflict ends in 1805, but no definitive solution is found until a second attack in 1815.
Stephen Decatur
A daring young US Navy captain who took action against the Barbary pirates by sneaking into a heavily guarded harbor and burning the Philadelphia, a captured American ship, to prevent the pirates from using it. He was praised by Americans and British alike for his bravery.
Impressment
The forcing of someone into the navy. The British began capturing American ships and impressing the sailors, claiming that they were deserters from the Royal Navy, more often they were american born. This led to public out cry and was one of the causes for the War of 1812. The issue of impressment ended two days before war was declared.
Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief with great political and orating skills. He considered treaties with the US government invalid and set about forming an Indian Confederacy. He united the tribes in the Ohio territory and allied with the British who offered him supplies and protection. He fought in the War of 1812, but was killed in the Battle of the Thames.
The Prophet
Tenskwatawa, Tecumseh’s brother, who was known for his ability to see the future. He helped his brother to construct a confederacy by drawing crowds to hear him speak. He preached of Native Americans casting off the western influence and returning to their traditions. He founded Prophetstown by the Tippecanoe River.
William Henry Harrison
Was the governor of the Indiana Territory during the War of 1812. He saw the Native American confederacy as a threat and convinced many of the chief who had joined it to sell their land to the US. He attacked and burned Prophetstown, which made him a military hero. His victory at Prophetstown later propel him to the presidency. The battle also gave him his nickname, Tippecanoe.
The Battle of Tippecanoe
In 1811 William Henry Harrison attacked Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River while Tecumseh was away trying to rally support for his confederacy. The battle was bloody taking almost a fourth of Harrison’s men, but resulted in the destruction of Prophetstown and caused the Native American forces to flee to Canada. The defeat made many Native Americans question the Prophet. This US victory gave Harrison the nickname Tippecanoe and propelled him to the presidency in 1840.
War Hawks
Pro war members of Congress. Typically young Southern Democratic-Republicans. They supported the War of 1812 because they wanted to gain land in Canada. The most famous war hawks were John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.
Henry Clay
Elected to congress in 1810 he was one of the most outspoken war hawks. Hailing from Kentucky he was a champion of nationalism and one of the biggest advocates for war with Britain.
John C. Calhoun
A representative from South Carolina he was an influential member of congress and huge advocate for war. He supported states’ rights.
Nationalism
A strong feeling of patriotism typical in time of war. Nationalism gripped America in the 1800’s and helped the democratic-republicans gain support for the War of 1812.
Embargo Act of 1807
Pushed through congress by president Thomas Jefferson the Embargo Act of 1807 banned all trade with Great Britain and France. The act was imposed to punish the French and British for violating neutrality on the high seas. The act resulted in economic hardship for American merchants and had little effect on the Europeans. The act was revoked in 1809.
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Passed in 1809 just before Thomas Jefferson left office it replaced the embargo act. This new act banned ships from delivering to French or british ports. Like the embargo act it was mostly ineffective and hurt the United States economy more than its advisories. The only benefit of the act was that it led to America industrializing as they could no longer get goods from England. Un like the embargo act it said that if either France of Britain stopped impressing the US would trade with them again.
Thomas Jefferson
The 3rd President from (1801-1809) Thomas Jefferson was responsible for several foreign policies. In response to Barbary pirates attacking US ships he sent marines to Tripoli (1801-1805). He remained neutral in the Napolianic wars, ensuring safe travel for US ships. When neutrality rights were violated he urged congress to pass the embargo act (1807) and then to replace it with the non-intercourse act (1809). He decided not to run for a third term and peacefully transfered power to his good friend and fellow Democratic-Republican James Madison.
James Madison
The 4th president of the United States (1809-1817). This Democratic-Republican from Virginia is America’s first war time president. He leads America through the War of 1812 and despite his small stature and ill health does everything in his power to save Washington. After the city is ransacked he insists on holding government meetings there despite the damage. He is nicknamed the Father of the Constitution because of his extensive work on the document.