1st ROK Flashcards

1
Q

George Washington

A

He was a hero in the French and Indian War who went on to become the first president of the US in 1789. He is known as the Father of our country and was a delegate from Virginia during the signing of the DOI. He was commander and chief of the continental army. All the powers and duties of the president were designed for him.

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2
Q

John Adams

A

Our 1st VP and 2nd president he took the unpopular job of defending the red coats in the Boston Massacre case. His cousin, Samuel Adams, recruited him to the patriot cause where he emerged as a leader,though he was not for the bloody revolt his cousin favored.

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3
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

The author of the DOI and the 3rd president of the US he served as a delegate from Virginia in the Continental Congress. He favored states rights and borrowed many of his ideas from John Locke.

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4
Q

James Madison

A

The Father of the constitution and our nations 4th president. He hailed from Virginia.

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5
Q

Magna Carta

A

The Great Charter as it was also called was written in 1250 and gave English nobles the right to Habeas Corpus and established the idea of limited government.

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6
Q

New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island made up the middle colonies. They manufactured goods, trapped, and used the sea. They had little farming do to poor soil and their seasonal climate

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7
Q

The Middle Colonies

A

Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware were also known as New Netherlands because they were founded by the Dutch. They allowed slavery, but it was not common. Their economy was varied because the climate was fairly moderate, but still not ideal for growing.

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8
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Maryland, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia were part of the Southern Colonies. Their moderate weather and rich soil led to an agrarian economy. They produced cash crops with slave labour on large plantations.

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9
Q

Cash Crops

A

Crops that were planted in large amounts and then sold to make a profit. The first cash crop was tobacco which was found by John Rolfe

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10
Q

Triangular Trade

A

The trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Europe traded gunpowder, iron bars and alcohol with Africa for slaves, which they traded to America for tobacco, sugar, rum, and cotton

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11
Q

The Great Awakening

A

A 1730’s religious revival that swept the colonies. Ministers, like Jonathan Edwards, gave fiery sermons calling for a “New Birth”. There message was extended to everyone as Land owners and slaves all took part in the process

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12
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

The most famous preacher during the Great Awakening.

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13
Q

Representative Government

A

A government in which people our represented by officials

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14
Q

Roger Williams

A

He believed in religious tolerance and tolerance of the Native Americans. He set up the colony of Rhode Island in 1644 which became a refuge for desenters.

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15
Q

The Toleration act of 1649

A

Passed in Maryland by Lord Baltimore it was passed to appease the protestants and keep them from seizing the colony. It called for religious tolerance and was a step towards religious equality.

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16
Q

William Penn

A

A wealthy british quaker who founded Pennsylvania or Penn’s Woods. He believed the land belong to the native americans and had to be bought. People of different religions were allowed to mix.

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17
Q

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

A

The first written constitution. It was passed in 1638 with the advocacy of Thomas Hooker and detailed a representative government.

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18
Q

Pilgrim

A

Someone who travels for religious purposes. We have come to use this term to describe the people who came over on the Mayflower because they were looking to practice their religion.

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19
Q

Plymouth

A

Located on Massachusetts coast it was the location of the pilgrims arrival.

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20
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

The written agreement that was signed by the males on the Mayflower establishing a direct democracy with each male receiving a vote, it was signed once it became clear that they were not going to land with in the confines of their charter.

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21
Q

Indentured Servents

A

People who worked for plantation owners for 4-7 years to earn passage to America. If a servant ran away for a year and a day they were free. Under the head right system the land owner got 50 acres per servant.

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22
Q

House of Burgesses

A

The Virginia legislature that was created in 1619. It was the first representative government in the Americas and was very similar to the House of Commons.

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23
Q

Leif Erickson

A

The Viking who founded Vinland in present day Canada in 1000CE. He was able to make his journey because of the vikings advanced shipbuilding skills. His legacy has been passed on through Sagas.

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24
Q

Vinland

A

The colony founded by Lief Erickson off the coast of present day Canada

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25
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Made his famous voyage for Spain in 1492 on his three ships, Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. Landed in the bahamas and made his journey 3 times. He thought he had found a shorter route to the Indies by sailing West and so he named the natives Indians

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26
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The exchange of ideas, culture, and goods between the Americas and Europe following Columbus’s voyage

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27
Q

Beringia Land Bridge

A

The Paleo-Indians traveled to America on an ice bridge from Asia between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago

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28
Q

Queen Elizabeth 1

A

The virgin queen of England for which Virginia was named. She issued the charter for the colony.

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29
Q

Amerigo Vaspucci

A

The explorer who discovered that America was a new continent. The Americas were named after him on Martin Waldseemuller’s map. The map is large and America’s birth certificate. It was sold to the US for 10 million dollars

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30
Q

Ronoke

A

The first attempt to colonize the Americas led by Walter Raleigh It is also called the lost colony because its inhabitants disappeared. It was off the coast of North Carolina.

31
Q

Charter

A

Express written permission to establish a colony.

32
Q

Jamestown

A

A colony built on smoke, it is the first permanent settlement in the Americas (1603) and was named for King James. It was governed by John Smith who established Native American ties. THe colony produced tobacco and held slaves.

33
Q

John Smith

A

A former solider and explorer who led the Jamestown settlement. He saved the colony by forcing settlers to farm corn , which he got from Native Americans.

34
Q

Pocahontas

A

Marries John Rolfe and goes to England with him where she converts to Christianity

35
Q

John Rolfe

A

Discovered that tobacco could grow in Virginia. Founded Roanoke and married Pocahontas.

36
Q

French and Indian War

A

In 1754 the British and French fought for land. The colonies began to band together in the face of a common enemy (france). George Washington emerged as a military hero

37
Q

1st Continental Congress

A

56 delegates representing 12 of 13 colonies. They met in Carpenters Hall in PA during September and October of 1774. They drafted a list of grievances which they hoped Britain would resolve. They also planned a boycott of all British goods and established a militia.

38
Q

Minute Men

A

Companies of volunteer soldiers who were said to be ready at a minutes notice to fight on behalf of the patriots.

39
Q

Militia

A

Companies of volunteer soldiers who were said to be ready at a minutes notice.

40
Q

Red Coats

A

Companies of volunteer soldiers who were said to be ready at a minutes notice.

41
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

After fighting began delegates met to organize the continental army and petition King George III to find a peaceful solution.

42
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

The petition of peace proposed at the 2nd continental congress that was rejected by KGIII

43
Q

King George the Third

A

King of England for 60 years during the American revolution. He is called a tyrant and blamed for the Americans’ problems in the DOI

44
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

1775 the Battle of Bunker hill, MA was one of the early battles of the war.

45
Q

“Shot Hears ‘Round the World”

A

April 1775 Lexington, MA. The first shots of the revolution. The colonists were warned prior to the attack by the rides of Paul Revere and Samuel Prescott.

46
Q

Paul Revere

A

A patriot and silver smith he worked on several etchings that were used as war propaganda and made a famous midnight journey to warn colonial leaders. He is immortalized in Longfellow’s poem, but made his ride with two other men.

47
Q

Concord and Lexington

A

The British hoped to seize the rebels leaders and guns, but were stopped at the first battle of the revolutionary war which took place in 1775.

48
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Was a powerful author who wrote Common Sense which became one of the most read books in the colonies.

49
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Was written by TJ and declared the colonies separate from England. It listed the colonists grievances and was approved by all thirteen colonies.

50
Q

Natural Rights

A

Rights everyone is born with, like life and liberty. The idea comes from John Locke and was used in the DOI

51
Q

Patriot

A

Someone who supported American Independence

52
Q

Loyalist

A

Someone who remained loyal to the king. These people were also called Tories

53
Q

The Marquise de Lafayette

A

A french noble who helped the colonists he brought troops and supplies to the Americans.

54
Q

Valley Forge

A

The winter camp of the Continental Army in 1777. At the camp there was little supplies and low moral, but the men trained and became a strong force.

55
Q

John Paul Jones

A

The Father of the Navy. He made daring attacks on the Serapis, a British vessel, from his own sinking ship, the Bonhomme Richard

56
Q

Baron Fredrich von Steuben

A

Pretended to be a high ranking official from Germany who trained the colonists at Valley Forge. Even though he lied about his background he proved an invaluable asset to the rebels.

57
Q

Yorktown

A

Pretended to be a high ranking official from Germany who trained the colonists at Valley Forge.

58
Q

Guerrilla Warfare

A

The art of hiding attacking and then hiding again

59
Q

Treaty of Paris of 1783

A

Officially ended the war and acknowledged America as an independent state.

60
Q

Saratoga

A

Officially ended the war and acknowledged America as an independent state.

61
Q

John Hancock

A

Wealthy smuggler who became a leader in the Sons of Liberty. He is famous for his signature on the DOI

62
Q

John Locke

A

15th century philosopher who though of Natural rights.

63
Q

Impressment

A

Being forced into something

64
Q

Tyrany

A

Cruel and Oppressive government

65
Q

Sugar Act

A

In 1764 parliament lowers taxes on imported molasses in the hope that colonists will stop smuggling. The colonists are angry because they have no say in the matter.

66
Q

Coercive Acts

A

Passed to in 1774 these “Intolerable Acts” were put in place to punish MA for the Boston Tea Party. They included the closing of Boston Harbor, the quartering act, and MA being put under the military control of Thomas Gage.

67
Q

Declaratory Act

A

In 1776 parliament repealed the stamp act and imposed the declaritory act giving its self complete power to levi taxes and laws in the colonies.

68
Q

Stamp Act

A

In 1765 parliament passes legislation requiring an official stamp on all published paper goods. In response colonists met in NY at the Stamp Act Congress and planned boycotts. The act was repealed in 1766.

69
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

A group of rebels led by Samuel Adams and John Hancock who lead protest and call for revolution.

70
Q

Townshend Act

A

Proposed by Charles Townshend, of the treasury, in 1767 it establishes a tax on all imported goods, establishes strict customs enforcement, and allows unspecific search warrants to be issued freely. The warrants are called “Writs of Assistance”

71
Q

Samuel Adams

A

The leader of the Sons of Liberty who organized protests and circulated revolutionary writings.

72
Q

Tea Act

A

Parliament passed this act in 1773 allowing the East Indian tea company untaxed imports into the colonies. This drove out colonial businesses who could not compete with prices.

73
Q

Tea Party

A

The Sons of Liberty stormed the Beaver, the Eleanor, and the Dartmouth and dumped their cargos of 342 creates of tea into the harbor in response to the Tea Act.

74
Q

Boston Massacre

A

On May 5, 1770 five colonists were killed by Red Coats on King and Stare Street after an angry mob insulted the soldiers led by colonel THomas Preston. This infuriates the colonists further and the event is used as a rallying point of those in favor of Independence.