Chapter 7: Ethnicities

Question 1

Ethnicity

Answer 1

The fact or state of being to which a person identifies with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

The fact of identification with a group of people who are perceived to share the same physiological traits, such as skin color.

Question 3

Nationality

Answer 3

The identification of someone with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country.

Question 4

Nationalism

Answer 4

The loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.

Question 5

Black Lives Matter

Answer 5

A movement that campaigns against violence and perceived racism towards black people and educates others about the challenges that African Americans continue to face within the United States.

Question 6

Ethnographic boundary

Answer 6

A political boundary that follows some cultural border (linguistic or religious).

Question 7

Apartheid

Answer 7

Laws (no longer in place) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Question 8

Triangular Slave Trade (Triangle Trade)

Answer 8

A practice primarily during the 18th century, in which Europeans transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

Question 9

Ethnic enclave

Answer 9

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area.

Question 10

Sharecropper

Answer 10

A person who wants fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays the loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.

Question 11

Balkanization

Answer 11

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

Question 12

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 12

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means of another civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.

Question 13

Ethnoburb

Answer 13

A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population.

Question 14

Subnationalism

Answer 14

The feeling that one owes allegiance to traditional groups rather than the state.

Question 15

Ethnophobia

Answer 15

The fear of people of a particular ethnicity.

Question 16

Redlining

Answer 16

A process by which financial institutions draw red colored lines on a map and refuse to lend people money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines.

Question 17

Xenophobia

Answer 17

The fear of people who are from other countries.

Question 18

Choke points

Answer 18

A geographical feature on land such as a valley or bridge which is a strategic narrow route providing a passage through or to another region.

Question 19

Ethnic separatism

Answer 19

The advocacy of an ethnic separation from another group.

Question 20

Ethnonationalism (ethnic nationalsim)

Answer 20

A form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity with an emphasis on the ethnocentric approach to various political issues.

Question 21

Centripetal force

Answer 21

A cultural force that unites a country together.

Question 22

Centrifugal force

Answer 22

A factor that disrupts the internal order of a country or drives it apart.

Question 23

Genocide

Answer 23

The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence.

Question 24

Racism

Answer 24

The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and the capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

Question 25

Ethnic cultural region

Answer 25

An area occupied by people with similar ethnic backgrounds.

Question 26

Environmental racism

Answer 26

The ignorance of safe environmental rules and safety standards of an ethnic or racial minority centered area.

Question 27

Racist

Answer 27

You.

Question 28

Blockbusting

Answer 28

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of the fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood.

Question 29

Ethnic nationalist (ethnonationalism)

Answer 29

A form of nationalism where in the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with an emphasis on the ethnocentric approach to various political issues.

Question 30

Ethnocentrism

Answer 30

The evaluation of other cultures based on the values of one’s own culture.

Question 31

Balkanized

Answer 31

A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into stable countries because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.

Question 32

Independence movements

Answer 32

A movement that aims to separate a particular group from another different group for political, economic, or cultural reasons.

Question 33

Irredentism

Answer 33

The doctrine of political or popular movements that claim and seek to occupy territory considered “lost” to the nation, based on history or legend.

Question 34

Shatterbelt

Answer 34

An area that suffers many splinters and conflicts between ethnic groups.