chapter 7 - divisions over religion: arminianism and laudianism; puritanism, and millenarianism to 1640 Flashcards
Puritanism
very plain churches
suspicious of bishops - in Scotland they wanted to get rid of bishops altogether
calvinism
mainstream majority in England
some decorated churches
monarch avoided radical change in church to unite the country
catholicism
pope, cardinals and bishops all an essential part of the church governance
bible is in latin and should stay that way
predestination
puritans angered calvinists as they claimed they had been saved by god - made them seem arrogant
laud 1633
changed presbyterian church to Roman Catholic church
arrested 3 leaders (prynne, Burton and baswick)
those who opposed laud were arrested
puritans sailed to america
majority of the political nation
conservative calvinists anglican in religion and at the centre of the jacobethan balance
laudian measures
- communion table moved and railed off as an altar in the east end of the church
- increased emphasis on ceremony
- decoration eg stained glass windows
- increased use of music in services
- ministers wearing vestments instead of plain robes
- removal of gentrys ornamental pews
the altar policy
communion table would be aligned north south against the far east wall of the church, where the catholic altar had been
space around the altar would be raised by some steps
chancel area would be separated from the rest of the church by a rail
altar would be covered with a decorated embroidered cloth
When was Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?
1633
Laudian characteristics?
rejection of predestination
less emphasis on bible + preaching
more emphasis on ritual + ceremony
no coherent set of beliefs
Why was the communion table reform controversial?
Charles gave no justification
-William Laud was obsessed w/ decorum and order
catholic
What changed with the church ceremony?
they were centered around the catechism (question and answer)
list of statements laid out in prayer book
Laud and Charles felt gave order and conformity
puritans felt it was moving away from the bible
What was the campaign against unlicensed preaching?
laud was trying to restore power and authority of the church over puritans
restoration of church lands
re-establishment of church control over clergy appointments
Campaign against unlicensed preaching: feofees for impropriations
when?
what was the feofees?
-direct legal attack on Feoffees for Impropriations 1633
-feofees: og. mostly puritans, from 1626 they raised money to control appointment of clergy to parishes-
–to establish puritan preachers
the attack limited puritan preaching
What was the reissue of the Book of Sports?
When? Originally when?
What was it?
What did charles do?
James I - 1618
-due to counter pressure from Puritans on population to not do fun things on sunday (the sabbath)
Outlined range of sports and activites ppl could do after attending sunday morn service
It was read from the pulpit so everyone knew
- clergy who didn’t read it could be expelled from parish or imprisoned
What was Charles’ role?
presence of range of catholics at court
maria henrietta
-influence of Charles
part of his support was due to his fear of Puritans
1640 canons
-passed to codify Lauds measures
-condemned popery and were deliberately moderate
-oath to reassure ppl church was safe in the king’s hands
-seen as a plot to destroy the protestant church
-gave convocation license to draw it up
the clergy granted 6 subsidies to the king
-controversial
Laud
born 1573
not rich
intellectual
close with buckingham
puritan opposition
st gregorys case
1633
Parishioners of St Greg Church London challenged movement of communion table
Brought before privy council by CI as a test case
puritan opposition
john williams
imprisoned in 1637 as a result of published criticism of the altar policy in Holy Table, Name and Thing
criticism indicated that terminology was a source of contention as word altar was regarded as catholic
puritan opposition
pyrnne, burton and bastwick
1637
bought before the court of star chamber
prynne previously stood before courts in 1633 for his pamphlet Histrio-Matrix
3 men found guilty of criticising Laudian measures
fined ÂŁ5000 each and imprisoned for life
cropping of their ears earned the 3 men sympathy
punishment was inflicted on 3 men who were professionals - a lawyer, a doctor and a cleric
not a lot of people read their criticisms however the number of people who knew them due to their punishment was much greater
puritan opposition
john lilburne
puritan
helped to distribute Bastwicks work
driven to oppose laudianism
1638 - found guilty by star chamber of printing unlicensed literature
punishment = fined and then whipped and pilloried in public
new canons 1636
1636 charles imposed new canons on scotland
altar had to be placed against east wall of the channel
ministers had to wear a surplice when they celebrated communion
improvised prayer was banned, ministers had to read from the new prayer book
interpreted as an attempt to return to catholicism
imposed by royal prerogative
charles made no attempt to allow general assembly of the kirk of scotland or the scottish parliament to have any say in the canons
laudian prayer book in scotland
1637
imposed by charles with no consultation with scottish kirk or parliament
it was not the intro of english prayer book in scotland but a prayer book produced specifically for scotland
leaned clearly towards catholicism and threatened religious independence
ultimately triggered a conflict in st giles cathedral which started scottish rebellion and british civil wars from 1637-1660
emerge of millenarianism
belief that was important to english protestantism
essentially a belief in the end of world
reaction against laudianism developed across charles’ kingdoms, those who took a millenarian view, saw the crisis as part of the events that heralded the end of the world.
feared they would soon be judged as judgement day was near
for some puritans, the belief in judgement day gave them a reason to take on more political and public roles in the late 1630s
