chapter 7 - divisions over religion: arminianism and laudianism; puritanism, and millenarianism to 1640

Question 1

Puritanism

Answer 1

very plain churches
suspicious of bishops - in Scotland they wanted to get rid of bishops altogether

Question 2

calvinism

Answer 2

mainstream majority in England
some decorated churches
monarch avoided radical change in church to unite the country

Question 3

catholicism

Answer 3

pope, cardinals and bishops all an essential part of the church governance
bible is in latin and should stay that way

Question 4

predestination

Answer 4

puritans angered calvinists as they claimed they had been saved by god - made them seem arrogant

Question 5

laud 1633

Answer 5

changed presbyterian church to Roman Catholic church

arrested 3 leaders (prynne, Burton and baswick)

those who opposed laud were arrested

puritans sailed to america

Question 6

majority of the political nation

Answer 6

conservative calvinists anglican in religion and at the centre of the jacobethan balance

Question 7

laudian measures

Answer 7

• communion table moved and railed off as an altar in the east end of the church
• increased emphasis on ceremony
• decoration eg stained glass windows
• increased use of music in services
• ministers wearing vestments instead of plain robes
• removal of gentrys ornamental pews

Question 8

the altar policy

Answer 8

communion table would be aligned north south against the far east wall of the church, where the catholic altar had been

space around the altar would be raised by some steps

chancel area would be separated from the rest of the church by a rail

altar would be covered with a decorated embroidered cloth

Question 9

When was Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 9

1633

Question 10

Laudian characteristics?

Answer 10

rejection of predestination

less emphasis on bible + preaching

more emphasis on ritual + ceremony

no coherent set of beliefs

Question 11

Why was the communion table reform controversial?

Answer 11

Charles gave no justification

-William Laud was obsessed w/ decorum and order

catholic

Question 12

What changed with the church ceremony?

Answer 12

they were centered around the catechism (question and answer)

list of statements laid out in prayer book

Laud and Charles felt gave order and conformity

puritans felt it was moving away from the bible

Question 13

What was the campaign against unlicensed preaching?

Answer 13

laud was trying to restore power and authority of the church over puritans

restoration of church lands
re-establishment of church control over clergy appointments

Question 14

Campaign against unlicensed preaching: feofees for impropriations

when?
what was the feofees?

Answer 14

-direct legal attack on Feoffees for Impropriations 1633
-feofees: og. mostly puritans, from 1626 they raised money to control appointment of clergy to parishes-
–to establish puritan preachers
the attack limited puritan preaching

Question 15

What was the reissue of the Book of Sports?
When? Originally when?
What was it?

What did charles do?

Answer 15

James I - 1618
-due to counter pressure from Puritans on population to not do fun things on sunday (the sabbath)
Outlined range of sports and activites ppl could do after attending sunday morn service

It was read from the pulpit so everyone knew
- clergy who didn’t read it could be expelled from parish or imprisoned

Question 16

What was Charles’ role?

Answer 16

presence of range of catholics at court
maria henrietta
-influence of Charles
part of his support was due to his fear of Puritans

Question 17

1640 canons

Answer 17

-passed to codify Lauds measures
-condemned popery and were deliberately moderate
-oath to reassure ppl church was safe in the king’s hands
-seen as a plot to destroy the protestant church
-gave convocation license to draw it up
the clergy granted 6 subsidies to the king
-controversial

Question 18

Laud

Answer 18

born 1573
not rich
intellectual
close with buckingham

Question 19

puritan opposition
st gregorys case

Answer 19

1633
Parishioners of St Greg Church London challenged movement of communion table
Brought before privy council by CI as a test case

Question 20

puritan opposition
john williams

Answer 20

imprisoned in 1637 as a result of published criticism of the altar policy in Holy Table, Name and Thing
criticism indicated that terminology was a source of contention as word altar was regarded as catholic

Question 21

puritan opposition
pyrnne, burton and bastwick

Answer 21

1637
bought before the court of star chamber

prynne previously stood before courts in 1633 for his pamphlet Histrio-Matrix

3 men found guilty of criticising Laudian measures

fined £5000 each and imprisoned for life
cropping of their ears earned the 3 men sympathy

punishment was inflicted on 3 men who were professionals - a lawyer, a doctor and a cleric

not a lot of people read their criticisms however the number of people who knew them due to their punishment was much greater

Question 22

puritan opposition
john lilburne

Answer 22

puritan
helped to distribute Bastwicks work
driven to oppose laudianism

1638 - found guilty by star chamber of printing unlicensed literature

punishment = fined and then whipped and pilloried in public

Question 23

new canons 1636

Answer 23

1636 charles imposed new canons on scotland

altar had to be placed against east wall of the channel
ministers had to wear a surplice when they celebrated communion
improvised prayer was banned, ministers had to read from the new prayer book

interpreted as an attempt to return to catholicism
imposed by royal prerogative
charles made no attempt to allow general assembly of the kirk of scotland or the scottish parliament to have any say in the canons

Question 24

laudian prayer book in scotland

Answer 24

1637
imposed by charles with no consultation with scottish kirk or parliament

it was not the intro of english prayer book in scotland but a prayer book produced specifically for scotland

leaned clearly towards catholicism and threatened religious independence

ultimately triggered a conflict in st giles cathedral which started scottish rebellion and british civil wars from 1637-1660

Question 25

emerge of millenarianism

Answer 25

belief that was important to english protestantism
essentially a belief in the end of world

reaction against laudianism developed across charles’ kingdoms, those who took a millenarian view, saw the crisis as part of the events that heralded the end of the world.

feared they would soon be judged as judgement day was near

for some puritans, the belief in judgement day gave them a reason to take on more political and public roles in the late 1630s