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A Level History - Stuart Britain (AQA) > Chaper 1-6 > Flashcards

Chaper 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

1603

A

James I becomes king of England from previously being James VI of Scotland

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2
Q

1625

A

Charles I inherits the throne

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3
Q

who is Charlesā€™ wife and why did she cause tension?

A

Henrietta Maria - French catholic

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4
Q

4 preogative rights of a monarch

A

foreign diplomacy
legislation
declaration of war
religion

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5
Q

% of English population that made up political nation

A

less then 1%

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6
Q

group that dominates Jamesā€™ court that caused tension with political nation over influence

A

scots

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7
Q

why did puritans disapprove of Charlesā€™ court masques

A

catholic attendance - influence
didnā€™t like the women who acted in them

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8
Q

reasons for finance becoming a serious problem for the crown in 1603

A

inflation
Elizabeth left behind debt
bad harvests

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9
Q

Charles attempt at financial reform - relations with parliament

A

granted tonnage and poundage for one year instead of for life like previous monarchs
this was however out of charles control

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10
Q

1642-49

A

the civil war

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11
Q

1649

A

Charles executed

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12
Q

Did the UK exist in 1603?

A

No, the UK did not come into existence as a political union until 1707.

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13
Q

What are statute laws?

A

laws made by the king and parliament, these work alongside common law

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14
Q

What countries did England have a good relationship with?

A

countries with protestant populations (Netherlands and parts of Germany)

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15
Q

What type of law did the legal system rely on?

A

common law

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16
Q

political nation

A

Refers to those who can vote and hold political power. Men who had an annual income of at least 40 shillings.

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17
Q

What are the three types of law?

A

common - laws made as a result of judges issuing rulings in cases

courts of assize - courts held in the main towns by visiting judges from higher courts from London.

statute laws - laws created by parliament

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18
Q

personal monarchy

A

the theory that the monarch had absolute power. The personality of each King had signifiant impact on their ruling of their period and their relationship with the political nation.

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19
Q

state one advantage and disadvantage of the unwritten constitution

A

+ = in a society that valued consensus the ability to interpret constitution in different ways enabled compromise

  • = open to interpretation
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20
Q

Why was parliament cautious in assisting the monarch financially?

A

if they became self sufficient then they could establish themselves as absolute and not need parliament

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21
Q

How was the monarchy limited and unlimited?

A

limited - had to rely on others to ensure both central and local government could function

parliament controlled income

growth of the political nation - more influence

unlimited - had the power to: declare war, legislate, foreign diplomacy, religion

Great Chain of Being - people would accept wrongdoings

call and dismiss parliament

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22
Q

What book did King James write and when?

A

Basilikon Doron - a monarchā€™s duty to God, his duties of office, and advice on his daily behaviour.

1599

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23
Q

James attempt at financial reform - monopolies

A

monopoly on the production and sale of finished cloth was granted to a London businessman called William Cockayne, but the scheme failed. The dutch refused to purchase finished cloth from England, resulting in a slump in the English cloth trade.

1621 - over 100 monopolies granted

1624 - limit

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24
Q

James attempt at financial reform - Cecil

A

in 1610, Cecil started negotiating a major reform of the crowns finances - the great contract.

beginning of 1610 - crown debt was Ā£280,000 current annual expenditure of Ā£511,000

1608 - book of rates

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25
Q

1610

A

great contract

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26
Q

1608

A

book of rates

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27
Q

James attempt at financial reform - Spain

A

1603- crown still in debt

foreign policy and war were the greatest sources of expenditure for monarchs.

England had long been engaged with military struggle with spain

1604 - treaty of London - James 1 made peace with Spain and reduced crown expenditure significantly.

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28
Q

1604

A

treaty of london - james made peace with spain

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29
Q

James attempt at financial reform - extravagance and patronage

A

James overspending gave the court a bad name

in 1606 - parliament granted 3 subsidies to help with his debts but he gave Ā£44,000 of the money to three of his Scottish friends.

worried that James would just give the money away in particular to his favoured Scots.

1621 - ante-supper = Ā£3,300

30
Q

James attempt at financial reform - lionel cranfield

A

after 1618 - he took charge of crown finances

it led to saving however was not a permanent solution to financial weaknesses of the crown

31
Q

James attempt at financial reform (factors outside of his control) - bad harvests

A

1623 and 1624

32
Q

James attempt at financial reform (factors outside of his control) - Elizabeth I

A

did not reform crown finances

war with spain

33
Q

Charles attempt at financial reform - thirty years war

A

broke out in 1618

catholic ferdinand ii was overthrown as king of bohemia and was replaced by a more moderate fredrick v of palatinate.

james avoided military involvement in the war

charles planned to participate

failure of spanish match and marriage alliance with henrietta maria princess of france, main opponent of spain

required 1 mill expenditure

charles failed to clearly explain his war plans to parliament which contributes to distrust

34
Q

Charles attempt at financial reform - relations with parliament

A

granted tonnage and poundage for one year instead of for life like previous monarchs

this was however out of charles control

35
Q

Charles attempt at financial reform - benevolence

A

method through which a monarch would demand money from his subjects from his prerogative in times of emergency

limited Ā£1,400 subsidy

in 1626 - very few offered money to charles

36
Q

Charles attempt at financial reform - forced loan

A

equivalent to 5 parliamentary subsidies

method ensured those liable paid up

summoned public meetings where they were pressed to agree to pay

37
Q

what was the book of rates?

A

book that listed the official valuations of those items on which custom duties should be paid

the imposition was either a fixed sum or percentage of the items nominal value

last time valuations had been set was in 1558 so new valuations were long overdue

after issue - impositions became worth Ā£70,000 per year \

threatened parliamentary rights over taxation

raised question of crowns need for parliament

38
Q

james character

A

pragmatic

enjoyed debate

communication and engaging

outgoing

39
Q

charles character

A

dogmatic

shy

unapproachable

uncommunicative with parliament

actions and intentions unclear

interpreted criticism as rebellion

40
Q

james court

A

open and lively - drunken and immoral

tension come from dominance of bedchamber by scotts - worry that they would have influence on him (easy access)

41
Q

james views on monarchy

A

firm believer in divine right of kings

pragmatic when dealing with balance between royal prerogative and parliamentary privilege

sought compromise with political nation when defending prerogative

42
Q

charles views on monarchy

A

firm believer in divine right of kings

defended prerogative provocatively - causing a reactiob

unwilling to negotiate and compromise

hampered dialogue with political nation

43
Q

charles court

A

only included his supporters - isolated

dominated by catholics and arminians - tensions linked with absolutism in france and spain

enjoyed court masques - used to convey his own political message of King bringing order to society

van dyck portraits created the impression charles aimed to be absolutist

44
Q

what is prerogative?

A

power of the crown, derived from the idea of the divine right of kings

45
Q

why was james seen in a more favourable light than elizabeth?

A

why was james seen in a more favourable light than elizabeth?

46
Q

1608

A

book of rates and book of bounty

47
Q

1624

A

james did not censor Montaguā€™s new gag for an old goose

48
Q

1603

A

millenary petition - presented by puritans

49
Q

1604

A

hampton court conference

james gave his support to bancrofts canons - catholic

50
Q
A
51
Q

henry prince of wales

A

james heir but dies in 1612

51
Q

1606

A

oath of allegiance -
after the gunpowder plot
targets catholics

52
Q

anthony van dyck

A

artist employed by charles to paint royal family

53
Q

duke of buckingham

A

favourite of james and charles who eventually became lord high admiral but was assassinated in 1628

54
Q

henrietta maria

A

wife of charles who was a french catholic

55
Q

robert cecil

A

james appointed this man as lord treasurer, he negotiated the great contract of 1610

56
Q

lionel cranfield

A

bought in by james 1618 - cut back the crowns finances

57
Q

what was england until 1534?

A

predominantly catholic country

58
Q

key beliefs of puritans

A

bible is in english
priests should wear plain clothes
plain churches - you should not be distracted from worshipping god

59
Q

key beliefs of calvinists

A

majority mainstream in england
king should be head of the church
some decoration in churches
priests should wear vestments

60
Q

key beliefs of catholics

A

bible is in latin and should stay like it
form of christianity supported by the kings of spain and france
pope - cardinals - bishops - all essential parts of church governance

61
Q

james treatment of puritans

A

tolerated -
1603 - group of moderate puritans presented millenary pledge to james. list of modifications in church services. james was not unsympathetic to the request.
1604 - hampton court conference

persecuted -
james and some of the Puritans strongly disagreed over the role of the bishops
james supported church laws that upheld old orthodoxies that had been condemned by puritans in the millenary petition

62
Q

james treatment of catholics

A

tolerated -
jan 1606- parliament passed 2 severe laws against catholics, james did not enforce
distinguished between quiet and catholics and factious catholics
catholics remained loyal

persecuted -
may 1603 - ordered the collection of recusancy fines
1604 - parliament encouraged legislation against jesuits
1605 - gunpowder plot
1606 - oath of allegiance to force catholic recusants to declare allegiance to james and not the pope
james viewed the pope as anti christ
protestants were angry about catholicism - bloody mary, war with spain

63
Q

james view on arminianism

A

did not specifically identify himself with arminianism, theological reaction against calvinism and puritanism that arose during his reign
end of his reign - religious tension and jamesā€™ apparent favouring of it
failure of spanish match moved james closer to arminians
william laud - most prominent arminian minister

64
Q

charles approach to arminians

A

outsiders believed that arminians were in control or were subverting the views of the king
charles believed that his difficulties with parliament were due to, in the years 1625-29, a puritan attack on the powers of the crown
openly favoured arminianism
ideas of kingship were most compatible with arminianism
richard montagu - appointed by charles as royal chaplian, ā€˜new gag for an old gooseā€™ which was anti calvanist

65
Q

charles approach to puritans

A

1625-29 - attempt of a puritan attack on the powers of the crown
not personally attend the 1626 york house conference - called by a puritan nobleman (earl of warick)
chaired by buckingham clear charles supported montagu and favoured william laud
puritans believed the court was full of catholics - absolutism

66
Q

1624

A

james did not censor montagus ā€˜new gag for an old gooseā€™

67
Q

1603

A

millenary petition - presented by puritans

68
Q

1604

A

hampton court conference

69
Q

1604

A

james gave his support to bancrofts canons

70
Q

1606

A

oath of allegiance

targets catholics
after the gunpowder plot

71
Q

who was appointed high admiral of the navy and then blamed for foreign policy failures?

A

buckingham

A Level History - Stuart Britain (AQA) (15 decks)

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