Chapter 7 Diet & Growth

Question 1

What is a balanced diet? Name all the nutrients required.

Answer 1

A diet that provides all the different kinds of nutrients, and the right amount of energy. Starch, lipids/fats, carbohydrates, protein

Question 2

What are the functions of proteins and carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Proteins: For growth and making new cells
Carbs: To release energy during respiration

Question 3

What is calcium used for? List some examples.

Answer 3

For strong bones and healthy teeth.
Dairy products.

Question 4

What are two types of joints in our body and give one example for each

Answer 4

1) hinge joints-elbow or knee
2) ball-and-socket joints-shoulder or ankle

Question 5

What is iron used for? List some examples.

Answer 5

To make hemoglobin

E.g. red meat, dark green vegetables, fish, nuts, seeds

Question 6

What are fats and oils used for?
List examples.

Answer 6

To release energy during respiration, and to make an energy store under the skin

E.g. cheeses, donuts, fried stuff

Question 7

List examples of protein and carbohydrates

Answer 7

Protein: Chicken, beef, beans, nuts
Carbs: corn, bread, pasta, potatoes, rice

Question 8

What do you call two muscles working together? Give an example of this.

Answer 8

Antagonistic muscles
Biceps contract and triceps relax when we bend our arm.

Question 9

Which bones are the biceps attached to?

Answer 9

Scapula on one end and radius on the other.

Question 10

What causes scurvy and rickets?

Answer 10

Scurvy - lack of Vit C
Rickets - lack of Vit D

Question 11

What foods should a pregnant women eat for a healthy pregnancy?

Answer 11

Protein - for baby to build cells
Iron - to make haemoglobin in her and baby’s blood
Calcium - to build baby’s bones

Question 12

List the food groups in order of which ones which should eat the most to what we should eat the least

Answer 12

1. Starch
2. Minerals, vitamins, and fiber
3. Protein/Calcium
4. Fats/sugar

Question 13

What is vitamin A’s functions and examples of food that contains it?

Answer 13

Night vision, helping white blood cells to fight pathogens

Green vegetables, carrots, dairy products

Question 14

What is vitamin C’s functions and examples of food that contains it?

Answer 14

Keeps skin strong and heal quickly. Keeps blood vessels and bones healthy.

citrus foods, potatoes, berries

Question 15

What is vitamin D’s functions and how do we get it?

Answer 15

Help absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth.

Made in the skin when sunlight falls on it

Question 16

Why do we need fiber in our diet?

Answer 16

Helps keep food moving through the alimentary canal / prevents constipation

Question 17

Which two nutrients provide most of the energy for the cells in the body?

Answer 17

Carbs and Fat

Question 18

Describe what a child who does not get enough protein or energy in his diet looks like. Why?

Answer 18

He is short and skinny because protein is needed for cells to divide to make the body grow bigger

Question 19

Why does an eight year old need less energy than a teenage boy?

Answer 19

The teenage boy is growing faster and needs proteins to make new cells. Also, he likely uses more energy than the 8 year old

Question 20

What are the harmful substances in tobacco?

Answer 20

• Nicotine (narrows blood vessels so less blood flows through, causing heart disease)
• Tar (causes cancer)
• Carbon monoxide (combines with haemoglobin and reduces the oxygen they can carry)
• Particulates (get trapped inside lungs and breaks down the wall of alveoli, making it difficult to get enough oxygen)