Chapter 7 Diet & Growth Flashcards
What is a balanced diet? Name all the nutrients required.
A diet that provides all the different kinds of nutrients, and the right amount of energy. Starch, lipids/fats, carbohydrates, protein
What are the functions of proteins and carbohydrates?
Proteins: For growth and making new cells
Carbs: To release energy during respiration
What is calcium used for? List some examples.
For strong bones and healthy teeth.
Dairy products.
What are two types of joints in our body and give one example for each
1) hinge joints-elbow or knee
2) ball-and-socket joints-shoulder or ankle
What is iron used for? List some examples.
To make hemoglobin
E.g. red meat, dark green vegetables, fish, nuts, seeds
What are fats and oils used for?
List examples.
To release energy during respiration, and to make an energy store under the skin
E.g. cheeses, donuts, fried stuff
List examples of protein and carbohydrates
Protein: Chicken, beef, beans, nuts
Carbs: corn, bread, pasta, potatoes, rice
What do you call two muscles working together? Give an example of this.
Antagonistic muscles
Biceps contract and triceps relax when we bend our arm.
Which bones are the biceps attached to?
Scapula on one end and radius on the other.
What causes scurvy and rickets?
Scurvy - lack of Vit C
Rickets - lack of Vit D
What foods should a pregnant women eat for a healthy pregnancy?
Protein - for baby to build cells
Iron - to make haemoglobin in her and baby’s blood
Calcium - to build baby’s bones
List the food groups in order of which ones which should eat the most to what we should eat the least
- Starch
- Minerals, vitamins, and fiber
- Protein/Calcium
- Fats/sugar
What is vitamin A’s functions and examples of food that contains it?
Night vision, helping white blood cells to fight pathogens
Green vegetables, carrots, dairy products
What is vitamin C’s functions and examples of food that contains it?
Keeps skin strong and heal quickly. Keeps blood vessels and bones healthy.
citrus foods, potatoes, berries
What is vitamin D’s functions and how do we get it?
Help absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth.
Made in the skin when sunlight falls on it
Why do we need fiber in our diet?
Helps keep food moving through the alimentary canal / prevents constipation
Which two nutrients provide most of the energy for the cells in the body?
Carbs and Fat
Describe what a child who does not get enough protein or energy in his diet looks like. Why?
He is short and skinny because protein is needed for cells to divide to make the body grow bigger
Why does an eight year old need less energy than a teenage boy?
The teenage boy is growing faster and needs proteins to make new cells. Also, he likely uses more energy than the 8 year old
What are the harmful substances in tobacco?
- Nicotine (narrows blood vessels so less blood flows through, causing heart disease)
- Tar (causes cancer)
- Carbon monoxide (combines with haemoglobin and reduces the oxygen they can carry)
- Particulates (get trapped inside lungs and breaks down the wall of alveoli, making it difficult to get enough oxygen)
