Chapter 1 Respiration

Question 1

What gives red blood cells their color?

Answer 1

Haemoglobin

Question 2

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

Answer 2

They help to fight pathogens

Question 3

What features of the red blood cell help it to perform its function?

Answer 3

• Haemoglobin in the red blood cells combines with oxygen to transport it around the body.
• Red blood cells have no nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin
• They have no mitochondria so they will not use up the oxygen for themselves
• They are small so they can get through tiny blood capillaries and get really close to alveoli in the lungs and respiring cells in other parts of the body

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

The pale yellow liquid part of our blood that transports the red and white blood cells around our body.

Question 5

Glucose + oxygen=?
What process is this and what are the products?

Answer 5

The process is aerobic respiration and the products are carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

Define glucose

Answer 6

A sugar that is produced when the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

They release energy from glucose

Question 8

What is stored in glucose?

Answer 8

Chemical energy is stored so that at some point it can be transferred to other substances for cells to use

Question 9

What are alveoli?

Answer 9

Air sacs in the lungs.

Question 10

How are alveoli adapted for their function? Name 3.

Answer 10

They have thin walls (1 cell thick) for easy diffusion of gases

Covered with capillaries ( so gas can pass between blood and lungs)

They are moist (to allow gas to dissolve easily)

They have a large surface area to increase the rate of gas exchange

Question 11

What is gas exchange?

Answer 11

Inside the alveoli, oxygen from the air goes into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood goes into the air.

Question 12

Describe the relationship between body mass and the total surface area of the air sacs

Answer 12

The larger the body mass, the larger the surface area of

Question 13

Describe what happens when you breathe in.

Answer 13

the intercostal muscles contract or get shorter

the muscles in the diaphragm contracts

volume inside chest cavity increases

pressure inside chest cavity and lungs decrease

air goes down trachea into the lungs to fill up extra space

Question 14

Describe what happens when you breathe out.

Answer 14

the intercostal muscles between ribs relax (ribs return to the normal position)

the muscles in the diaphragm relax (diaphragm returns to normal dome shape)

decrease volume inside the chest cavity

the pressure inside lungs and chest cavity increases

air is squeezed out of the lungs

Question 15

(True or false) Heat is given out during respiration

Answer 15

True (some of the chemical energy stored in glucose is changed to heat energy)

Question 16

(True or false) Air that is breathed out contains oxygen

Answer 16

False (it contains carbon dioxide)

Question 17

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 17

A chemical reaction that happens in mitochondria using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Question 18

Describe the structure and function of the bronchi

Answer 18

Structure: There is cartilage to support them. Each bronchus divides into several smaller tubes called bronchioles that allows air to reach deeper into the lungs.

Function: It delivers air to the lungs

Question 19

Describe the structure and function of the trachea

Answer 19

It has strong rings of cartilage to keep it open and prevent it from collapsing, so that air can be kept moving in and out of the body.

Question 20

What are the first 3 body parts that air passes through when we breathe in?

Answer 20

Nose/mouth, larynx and trachea