Chapter 2 Properties of Materials Flashcards
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
- Compounds are substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Mixtures are substances formed by physically mixing two or more substances together.
- Compounds cannot be separated physically but mixtures can
- Elements in compounds have new properties but those in mixtures retain their original properties
Use particle theory to explain the process of dissolving.
Dissolving happens when the attraction between the particles of the solvent and solute are strong enough to overcome the attraction of the particles of the solute from one another.
What is the solute?
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is any substance, usually liquid, which is capable of dissolving one or several substances
How does temperature affect the rate of dissolving?
When the temperature increases, the particles move more quickly and intermingle more, which increases the speed of the dissolving process.
Solutions A and B have the same volume of solvent, but solution A has more solute particles in it than solution B.
Solution A is more ____________ than solution B
Concentrated
A substance that will not dissolve in water is ______
Insoluble
Why do you draw the start line for paper chromatography in pencil?
Because it is insoluble and will not affect the results of chromatography
Which three factors effect the rate of dissolving?
- Temperature
- Stirring
- Surface area of solute
- Volume of solvent
Will powdered sugar dissolve more or less quickly than a sugar cube? Why?
More quickly. Powdered sugar has increased surface area so the solvent particles have more contact with the solute particles and can break the solute particles down more effectively
What is a filtrate?
A solution that has passed through a filter.
What is the difference between dissolving and melting?
Dissolving is the complete mixing of particles of a solid in a liquid to form a solution. Melting is the state of when a solid turns to a liquid.
When 20g of salt is added to 100g of water, what is the mass of the final solution? Why?
100g. The salt fully dissolves in the water.
