Chapter 7: Depressive & Biploar Disorders test bank

Question 1

A state in which one feels low and life seems bleak with overwhelming challenges is called ______.

Answer 1

depression

Question 2

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in whichpeople have an exaggerated belief in their power is called
______.

Answer 2

mania

Question 3

Kareem is miserable. He sees himself in a negative way. He has no desire to participate in his usual activities. In addition, he has headaches, insomnia, and nausea. Kareem is MOST
likely suffering from _____.

Answer 3

depression

Question 4

Depressed people are usually less active and less productive.
This is a(n) ______ symptom.

Answer 4

behavioral

Question 5

An individual may receive a diagnosis of ______ if she displays less disabling symptoms of unipolar depression over a period
of at least two years.
􀁸 dysthymic disorder

Answer 5

dysthymic disorder

Question 6

When a stressful event appears to be responsible for the onset of a major depressive episode, clinicians refer to it as a(n)
______.
􀁸 reactive depression or exogenous depression

Answer 6

reactive depression or exogenous depression

Question 7

A person diagnosed with unipolar depression shows low activity of a neurotransmitter chemical . If activity of
norepinephrine is normal, then the neurotransmitter showing low activity is MOST likely ______

Answer 7

serotonin

Question 8

The only mood disorder with a female to male ratio showing substantially more males than females diagnosed with the disorder, a ratio of about 1:6, is ______

Answer 8

bipolar I disorder

Question 9

The theorist responsible for focusing attention on the negative
aspects of thinking as an explanation of depression is ______.

Answer 9

Aaron Beck

Question 10

Aaron Beck’s work led him to believe that ______ lies at the

heart of unipolar depression.

Answer 10

negative thinking, maladaptive thinking, the cognitive

triad (True Answer )

Question 11

―I’m going out to convince the drug dealers of the errors of
their ways. Then I’ll write a play about my work and put it on
Broadway. But first, I need to go home and cook a gourmet
meal.‖ The individual saying this is MOST likely experiencing
a(n) ______ episode.

Answer 11

manic (True Answer )

Question 12

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the
severity of bipolar disorder but does include depressive and
manic episodes has been identified as ______.
􀁸

Answer 12

cyclothymic disorder (True Answer )

Question 13

An important difference between mood disorders and normal
mood fluctuation is:
􀁸 the particular medication used to treat the
problem.
􀁸 the cause of the problem
􀁸 the severity and duration of the problem
􀁸 the demographic characteristics of the person.

Answer 13

the severity and duration of the problem

Question 14

A friend of yours diagnosed with unipolar depression says,―This can’t be that bad. Maybe my creativity will increase.Of the following alternatives, your MOST accurate reply is:
􀁸 ―You should get some therapy; there’s nothing positive about depression.
􀁸 ―You should get some therapy; only about half of people with depression get more creative.
􀁸 ―Think about getting some therapy; becoming more creative might not be worth it.
􀁸 ―Don’t worry; almost all people with depression recover and retain the creativity gains.

Answer 14

―You should get some therapy; there’s nothing positive

about depression.‖

Question 15

What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in
the United States?
􀁸 1–5 percent 
􀁸 5–10 percent
􀁸 8–15 percent 
􀁸 20–23 percent

Answer 15

5–10 percent

Question 16

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?
􀁸 lack of desire to eat
􀁸 a negative view of oneself
􀁸 experiences of sadness and anger
􀁸 staying in bed for hours during the day

Answer 16

experiences of sadness and anger

Question 17

The experience of feeling like weeping constantly would be considered a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_of depression.
􀁸 cognitive 
􀁸 emotional 
􀁸 behavioral 
􀁸 motivational

Answer 17

emotional

Question 18

Which of the following would be MOSTLY a motivational symptom of depression?
􀁸 lack of desire to eat
􀁸 a negative view of oneself
􀁸 experiences of sadness and anger
􀁸 staying in bed for hours during the day

Answer 18

lack of desire to eat

Question 19

The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_ symptom
􀁸 cognitive 
􀁸 emotional
􀁸 behavioral 
􀁸 motivational

Answer 19

motivational

Question 20

A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
􀁸 emotional symptoms. 
􀁸 motivational symptoms. 
􀁸 behavioral symptoms. 
􀁸 cognitive symptoms.

Answer 20

behavioral symptoms.

Question 21

Which of the following would be a behavioral symptom of depression?
􀁸 lack of desire to eat
􀁸 a negative view of oneself
􀁸 experiences of sadness and anger
􀁸 staying in bed for hours during the day

Answer 21

staying in bed for hours during the day

Question 22

A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_symptoms.
􀁸 emotional 
􀁸 cognitive 
􀁸 motivational 
􀁸 behavioral

Answer 22

cognitive

Question 23

Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are \_\_\_\_\_\_ symptoms of depression.
􀁸 physical 
􀁸 emotional 
􀁸 behavioral 
􀁸 motivational I

Answer 23

physical

Question 24

Which of the following would be a physical symptom of depression?
􀁸 sleeping poorly
􀁸 lack of desire to go to work 
􀁸 decreased level of physical activity 
􀁸 experiences of sadness and dejection

Answer 24

sleeping poorly

Question 25

To be classified as having a major depressive episode,
depression must last for a period of at least:
􀁸 two weeks.
􀁸 two months.
􀁸 one year.
􀁸 two years.

Answer 25

two weeks.

Question 26

What would be the most appropriate diagnosis for a person who experienced a major depressive episode, without having any history of mania, and is either immobile or excessively active?
􀁸 recurrent depression 
􀁸 seasonal depression 
􀁸 catatonic depression 
􀁸 melancholic depression

Answer 26

catatonic depression

Catatonic depression is defined as a state of stupor that results from neurogenic motor immobility and is thought to be caused by dysregulation of the neurotransmitters: GABA, glutamate and dopamine in the brain

Question 27

All of the following are types of major depressive disorders EXCEPT:
􀁸 recurrent. 
􀁸 seasonal.
􀁸 melancholic.
􀁸 posttraumatic.

Answer 27

posttraumatic.

Question 28

Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to go to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the past. What type of major depression would she MOST likely be diagnosed with?
􀁸 seasonal 
􀁸 catatonic 
􀁸 recurrent 
􀁸 melancholic

Answer 28

recurrent

Seasonal (SAD) is a mood disorder subset in which people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year experience depressive symptoms at the same time each year, most commonly in winter months.

Melancholic: equiring at least one of the following symptoms: Anhedonia (the inability to find pleasure in positive things) Lack of mood reactivity (i.e. mood does not improve in response to positive events)

Question 29

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, the individual must display:
􀁸 repeated episodes.
􀁸 fluctuation in mood during the year.
􀁸 motor immobility or excessive activity.
􀁸 onset within four weeks of giving birth.

Answer 29

motor immobility or excessive activity.

Question 30

Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. What type of major depression would he most likely be diagnosed with?
􀁸 seasonal 
􀁸 catatonic 
􀁸 recurrent 
􀁸 melancholic

Answer 30

catatonic

Question 31

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode,
melancholic, the individual must display:
􀁸 repeated episodes.
􀁸 fluctuation in mood during the year.
􀁸 motor immobility or excessive activity.
􀁸 almost no emotional response to pleasurable events.

Answer 31

almost no emotional response to pleasurable events.

Question 32

To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:
􀁸 two weeks. 
􀁸 two months. 
􀁸 one year. 
􀁸 two years.

Answer 32

two years

(“bad state of mind”), sometimes also called neurotic depression, dysthymic disorder, or chronic depression, is a mood disorder consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as in depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms. (two years).

Question 33

If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person’s depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have:
􀁸 an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
􀁸 especially high levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine, and their metabolites.
􀁸 particularly low levels of the neurotransmitters cortisol and melatonin, as measured by their metabolites.
􀁸 an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and
serotonin.

Answer 33

an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.

Question 34

Seasonal affective disorder is associated with fewer hours per day of daylight during the winter months. Less daylight, or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of:
􀁸 BDNF. 
􀁸 melatonin. 
􀁸 serotonin. 
􀁸 cortisol.

Answer 34

melatonin.

Question 35

Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to:
􀁸 GABA depletion. 
􀁸 excessive serotonin. 
􀁸 improper sodium transport. 
􀁸 excessive neuronal lithium.

Answer 35

improper sodium transport.

Question 36

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective?
􀁸 cognitive 
􀁸 biological 
􀁸 behavioral
􀁸 humanistic

Answer 36

biological

Question 37

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?
􀁸 her age 
􀁸 her ethnicity 
􀁸 her gender 
􀁸 her socioeconomic background

Answer 37

her age

Question 38

Somene who experiences a half-dozen alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as:
􀁸 bipolar II seasonal. 
􀁸 bipolar II rapid cycling.
􀁸 bipolar I mixed episodes. 
􀁸 bipolar I.

Answer 38

bipolar II rapid cycling.

Question 39

Of the following, the one MOST likely to be diagnosed with depression is a:
􀁸 man from Nigeria who is a new immigrant to the United States.
􀁸 U.S. woman who has lived all her life on a Native American reservation.
􀁸 U.S. boy in his early teens.
􀁸 U.S. woman of Hispanic American heritage.

Answer 39

U.S. woman who has lived all her life on a Native American reservation.

Question 40

According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:
􀁸 learned helplessness. 
􀁸 irrational expectations. 
􀁸 regression to the oral stage. 
􀁸 learned anxiety turned inward.

Answer 40

regression to the oral stage.