Chapter 7- Cognition Flashcards
Concepts
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects events or activities
Mental imagery
Representations for objects or events used in mental activities
Thinking
Mental activities that occur in the brain when processing, organizing, understanding, or communication information to others
Insight
Aha moments
Trial and error
Trying one solution after another until one works
Algorithms
Step by step procedures for solving certain problems
Heuristics
Educated guesses based on prior experience
Creativity
Consists of new ways of combining ideas or behavior
Functional fixedness
Only thinking about objects in terms of their typical uses
Mental set
A tendency to persist in using problem solving patterns that have worked in the past
Confirmation bias
A tendency to search for evidence that fits your beliefs while ignoring evidence to the contrary
Spearman’s g factor
Intelligence comprises two different abilities
G factor
General intelligence
s factor
Specific intelligence
Gardner’s multiple intelligences
Overall intelligence comprises nine different types
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Intelligence comprises three different aspects (analytical creative and practical)
Binet’s mental ability test
Key element to be tested was child’s mental age
Stanford-binet
Uses a variety of verbal and nonverbal sub tests to provide an overall estimate of intelligence and scores related to five areas of cognition
Wechsler tests
Uses a variety of verbal and performance subtests to provide an overall score of intelligible and index scores related to four species cognitive domains
Test construction
Good tests are valid and reliable and normal
Giftedness
Typically grow up to be well adjusted adults
Intellectual disability
Adaptive skills significantly below age-appropriate level
Emotional intelligence
Awareness of and ability to manage one’s emotions, self motivation, empathy, and social skills
Grammar
System of rules governing structure and use of language
Syntax
Rules for combining words and phrases
Morphemes
Smallest units of meaning within a language
Semantics
Rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences
Phonemes
Basic units of sound in a language
Pragmatics
Social “niceties” or practical aspects of communicating with others
