Chapter 6- Memory Flashcards
Memory
An active system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves that information from storage
Encoding
Getting sensory information into a form that the brain can use
Storage
Holding on to information for some period of time
Retrieval
Getting the information they know they have out of storage
Information-processing model
The way information is handled, or processed, through three different systems of memory (encoding, storage, retrieval)
Parallel distributed processing model
Creation and storage of memories taking place across a series of mental networks “stretched” across the brain
Levels-of-processing model
Processing the meaning of something
Sensory memory
When information enters nervous system, 1-4 seconds and has limited capacity
Iconic
Visual
Echoic
Auditory
Short term/working memory
Chunking and maintenance rehearsal can be used to increase capacity and duration
5-9 items, 12-30 seconds
Long term memory
Information that is kept permanently
Nondeclarative
Implicitly memory for skills, habits, and learned responses; likely invokes amygdala and cerebellum
Declarative
Explicitly memory for facts and information; involves widespread cortical areas
Semantic memory
General knowledge/meaning
Episodic memory
Episodes/events from ones life
Semantic network model
Can explain how information is stored in connected fashion
Retrieval cues
Cues that make retrieval easier
Encoding specificity
Improved memory for if the surroundings or psychological state is similar to that when the memory was first formed
Recall
Memories are retrieved with few or no external cues
Recognition
Looking/hearing information and matching it to what is already in your memory
Serial position effect
Memory improved for items at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list
Automatic encoding
Strong emotional associations can lead to vivid and detailed memories
